The Influence of Interlayer Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of High Nitrogen Steel Fabricated by Arc Additive Manufacturing

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0035

Abstract

Abstract:

A cold metal transfer (CMT)-wire-arc additive manufacturing technology is used to fabricate high nitrogen steel walls at the interlayer temperatures of 50℃,150℃ and 250℃,and the relationships among the interlayer temperatures,the resulting microstructures and the material properties are studied.The results show that the interlayer temperature has significant effect on the forming quality,and the optimal results can be obtained at 50℃.The additive manufactured parts are primarily comprised of austenite and ferrite,where the ferrite is distributed within the austenite matrix in a skeletal and worm-like manner.The interlayer temperature can be reduced to enhance the cooling rate of the molten pool,reduce the spacing between secondary dendrite arms,and inhibit the growth of nitrogen bubbles,thus diminishing the size and number of micrometer-sized nitrogen pores and minimizing nitrogen loss.However,the hardness and tensile strength decrease as the interlayer temperature increases.Lower interlayer temperature promotes the formation of fine grains,enhancing hardness.Higher interlayer temperature lead to grain coarsening,reducing hardness.Regarding the tensile properties,the lower interlayer temperature strengthens the tensile strength,whereas the high temperature improves the ductility through the precipitation of a second phase.The material exhibits anisotropy,and the transverse specimens have superior tensile strength.The fracture morphology reveals a micro-void coalescence fracture mode,where the presence of manganese oxides and nitrogen pores adversely affects the tensile performance of additive manufactured workpiece.Moreover,the defects such as gas pores can act as initiation sites for corrosion,while the chloride ions facilitate the formation of primary cells on the surface of high-nitrogen steel,leading to chloride ion erosion.Nitrogen in solid solution can prevent a decrease in the pH value of solution in high-nitrogen steel,facilitate the rapid repassivation of sample surface,and prolong the maintenance of passivation state.However,an increase in interlayer temperature results in a decrease in the nitrogen content,which leads to reduced corrosion resistance of the additive manufactured parts.

Key words: high nitrogen steel, cold metal transfer arc additive manufacturing, microstructure, mechanical property, neutral salt spray test

CLC Number:

TG444+.2

GAO Pengfei, FAN Jikang, ZHANG Jian, YANG Dongqing, ZHANG Xiaoyong, WANG Kehong. The Influence of Interlayer Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of High Nitrogen Steel Fabricated by Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240035-.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 WAAM manufacturing platform

Table 1 Chemical elements mass percentage of wire %

C	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	N	P	S	Fe
0.072	17.01	21.48	2.26	1.22	0.78	0.017	0.007	余量

Fig.2 Macroscopic morphology and X-ray inspection results of weld bead in the preliminary process test

Fig.3 Thermocouple and infrared thermal imager temperature measuring system.and temperature acquisition calibration diagram

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of sampling location and size

Table 2 The thermal-history temperature curves of high nitrogen steel arc additive manufacturing at different interlayer temperatures

层间温度/℃	沉积层
层间温度/℃	4	14	24
50
150
250

Fig.5 Macroscopic morphologies and central sections of arc additive at different interlayer temperatures

Fig.6 XRD patterns of high nitrogen steel samples

Fig.7 Metallographic structures of high nitrogen steel at different interlayer temperatures

Fig.8 Electron microstructures of high nitrogen steel at different interlayer temperatures

Fig.9 Vickers hardness of additive workpiece

Fig.10 Engineering stress-strain curve of additive manufactured workpiece

Fig.11 Longitudinal fracture morphology of tensile specimen

Fig.12 Corrosion behavior and EDS scanning results of high-nitrogen steel straight walls at different interlayer temperatures in salt spray test

Fig.13 Diagram of salt spray corrosion test principle for HNS6T high nitrogen steel

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