Design and Optimization of Bulletproof and Stab-resistant Structure Based on Mixed Fabrics

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1164

Abstract

Abstract:

Counter-terrorism personnel need to address both stabbing and shooting threats when dealing with urban violent terrorist attack.Single-function protective gear is insufficient to ensure life safety.A multifunctional protective effect can be achieved by combining the bulletproof and stab-resistant materials based on their protective mechanisms.Currently,the development of dual-protection suits based on composite materials primarily relies on trial and error in experiments,resulting in low design efficiency and high costs.To address this issue,a theoretical design and optimization method is proposed for fiber-mixed bulletproof and stab-proof structures based on energy absorption criteria.Ballistic experiment and dynamic puncture test are conducted using single protective materials,namely resin-coated aramid fabric and unidirectional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(PE)fabric.The ballistic and puncture kinetic energy absorptions of single material are calculated.Based on the law of energy conservation,a combined bulletproof and stab-proof structure with a given areal density of 8500g/m² is designed,and the range of layers for bulletproof and stab-proof materials is determined,After validation through ballistic and dynamic puncture experiments,the theoretical calculations demonstrate sufficient safety margins,The combination of 11 layers of resin-coated aramid fabric and 18 layers of unidirectional PE fabric meets the requirements of GA68-2019 Police Stab-resistant Clothing and police level III bulletproof standards while being the lightest with an areal density of 8390g/m².The bulletproof and stab-proof structure is optimized to achieve the lightest combination structure with an areal density of 8370g/m²,consisting of 9 layers of resin-coated aramid fabric and 21 layers of unidirectional PE fabric.These research findings can provide reference for the engineering design and innovative application of dual-protection suits.

Key words: bullet-proof vest, stab-resistant body armor, resin-coated aramid fabric, UHMWPE, structural design

CLC Number:

MA Chaohe, LIU Peng, CHEN Jing, ZHOU Hongyuan, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong. Design and Optimization of Bulletproof and Stab-resistant Structure Based on Mixed Fabrics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231164-.

Figures/Tables 14

References 30

[1]	闫卫星, 郭艳文, 陈红霞, 等. 防弹防刺面料研究概况[J]. 产业用纺织品, 2022, 40(7):1-7,32.
	YAN W X, GUO Y W, CHEN H X, et al. Research overview of bulletproof and stab-resistant fabrics[J]. Technical Textiles, 2022, 40(7):1-7,32. (in Chinese)
[2]	QIN J B, GUO B R, ZHANG L, et al. Soft armor materials constructed with Kevlar fabric and a novel shear thickening fluid[J]. Composites Part B.Engineering, 2020, 183(2):107681-107686.
[3]	HE Y M, JIAO Y N, ZHOU Q, et al. Research progress on ballistic response of advanced composite for ballistic protection[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2021, 38(5):1331-1347.
[4]	ABTEW M A, BOUSSU F, BRUNIAUX P, et al. Ballisticimpact mechanisms-a review on textiles and fibre-reinforced composites impact responses[J]. Composite Structures, 2019,223:110966.
[5]	AMIRHOSSEIN S K, AZADEH B. Advanced bulletproof and stab-and spike-resistant textiles[M]. Duxford, UK: Woodhead Publishing,2020:261-289.
[6]	翟文, 魏汝斌, 甄建军, 等. 高性能复合材料在人体防弹防刺技术领域的应用与展望[J]. 纺织导报, 2017(增刊1):66-72.
	ZHAI W, WEI R B, ZHEN J J, et al. Application and prospect of high-performance composites in human body protection technology field[J]. China Textile Leader, 2017(S1):66-72. (in Chinese)
[7]	CHU S, SUN Y, HU X J, et al. Flexible puncture-resistant composites for antistabbing applications:silica and silicon carbide nanoparticle-/TPU-coated aramid fabrics[J]. Langmuir, 2023, 39(41):14638-14651.
[8]	LI D Y, WANG R, GUAN F W, et al. Enhancement of the quasi-static stab resistance of Kevlar fabrics impregnated with shear thickening[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022,18:3673-3683.
[9]	YANG W Q, LIU X Y, YU Y P, et al. Evaluation of Stab Resistance of Coated UHMWPE Fabric[J]. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2020, 28(2):76-79.
[10]	王哲, 刘鹏, 陈婧, 等. 弹道冲击下石墨烯和聚乙烯改性芳纶织物的钝伤防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1):35-43. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0578
	WANG Z, LIU P, CHEN J, et al. Blunt trauma resistance of graphene and polyethylene-modified aramid fabrics under ballistic impact[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1):35-43. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0578
[11]	刘宇航, 黄广炎, 张宏, 等. 高性能复合纤维的防刺机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9):2143-2151. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0513
	LIU Y H, HUANG G Y, ZHANG H, et al. Stabbing resistance mechanism of high-performance composite fabrics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9):2143-2151. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0513
[12]	LANGSTON T. An analytical model for the ballistic performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites[J]. Composite Structures, 2017, 179(11):245-257.
[13]	JA Z Q, WANG B Y, WANG C, et al. Study on bulletproof performance of high-strength polyimide fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2023, 51(4):77-81,86. doi: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2023.04.013
[14]	马华菁, 时娟娟, 沈文东, 等. 防弹无纬布的研究概况[J]. 棉纺织技术, 2021, 49(5):14-18.
	MA H J, SHI J J, SHEN W D, et al. Research overview of bulletproof unidirectional cloth[J]. Cotton Textile Technology, 2021, 49(5):14-18. (in Chinese)
[15]	ZHAO Y F, TIAN G, WANG Y Z, et al. Orthogonal experimental design and analysis of UHMWPE bulletproof composite[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(8):104-110.
[16]	ZHANG X Y, LI T T, WANG Y X, et al. Hydrogel with high toughness and strength for fabricating high performance stab-resistant aramid composite fabric[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021,15:1630-1641.
[17]	ZHANG X Y, LI T T, PENG H H, et al. Enhanced sandwich structure composite with shear thickening fluid and thermoplastic polyurethanes for high-performance stab resistance[J]. Composite Structures, 2022,280:114930.
[18]	CHU Y Y, ZHU B K, LI S C, et al. A novel flexible and breathable stab-resistance fabric composites with ZnO nanowires growing technology[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023,24:6438-6450.
[19]	BAO J W, WANG Y W, AN R, et al. Investigation of the mechanical and ballistic properties of hybrid carbon/aramid woven laminates[J]. Defence Technology, 2022, 18(10):1822-1833.
[20]	DAS J, BUTOLA BS, MAJUMDAR A, et al Failure analysis of high-performance woven fabrics during quasistatic stabbing[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2023,151:107385.
[21]	DU Z, CHEN C J, WANG X H, et al. The mechanism of stab resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2022,142:106817.
[22]	PANNEKE N, EHRMANN A. Stab-resistant polymers-recent developments in materials and structures[J]. Polymers, 2023, 15(4):983.
[23]	许冬梅, 李宗家, 李年华, 等. 胶黏剂对芳纶复合材料防刺性能的影响[J]. 合成纤维工业, 2023, 46(3):23-26.
	XU D M, LI Z J, LI N H, et al. Effect of adhesives on anti puncture performance of aramid composite materials[J]. China Synthetic Fiber Industry, 2023, 46(3):23-26. (in Chinese)
[24]	高晓清, 左向春, 袁承军, 等. 树脂基防弹防刺材料的研究[J]. 中国个体防护装备 2012(6):12-14.
	GAO X Q, ZUO X C, YUAN C J, et al. The research of resin based bullet and puncture proof materials[J]. China Personal Protective Equipment, 2012(6):12-14. (in Chinese)
[25]	闫荣. 三维织物结构防弹防刺材料的产品研制[D]. 上海: 东华大学, 2015.
	YAN R. Product development of 3D woven structural bullet-proof and pincture-proof material[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[26]	吴中伟, 张慧, 艾青松, 等. 芳纶防弹防刺材料研究[J]. 合成纤维, 2021, 50(6):36-40.
	WU Z W, ZHANG H, AI Q S, et al. Study on bullet-proof and stab-proof aramid materials[J]. Synthetic Fiber in China, 2021, 50(6):36-40. (in Chinese)
[27]	孙杰, 赵娟. 纤维增强防弹复合材料的应用及研究现状[J]. 化纤与纺织技术, 2021, 50(1):7-11,53.
	SUN J, ZHAO J. Application and research status of fiber-reinforced ballistic composites[J]. Chemical Fiber & Textile Technology, 2021, 50(1):7-11,53. (in Chinese)
[28]	李伟, 韩林, 刘伟, 等. 防弹防刺涂覆芳纶材料的选型及其应用研究[J]. 玻璃纤维, 2023(3):31-35.
	LI W, HAN L, LIU W, et al. Research on the selection and application of bullet-proof and stab-proof coated aramid materials[J]. Fiber Glass, 2023(3):31-35. (in Chinese)
[29]	孙飞, 李杨, 王梅, 等. 警用防刺服:GA 68-2019 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.
	SUN F, LI Y, WANG M, et al. Police stab-resistant armor:GA 68-2019[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2019. (in Chinese)
[30]	中华人民共和国公安部.警用防弹衣:GA 141-2010[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2010.
	Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China.Police bulletproof vest:GA 141-2010[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2010. (in Chinese)

类型	材料	单层面密度/ (g·m^-2)	硬度(邵氏硬度计LX-C)	图片
防弹材料	科博PE布	240	75
防刺材料	浸胶芳纶布	370	84

类型	材料	单层面密度/ (g·m^-2)	硬度(邵氏硬度计LX-C)	图片
防弹材料	科博PE布	240	75
防刺材料	浸胶芳纶布	370	84

试样	总层数	总面密度/ (g·m^-2)	平均穿透层数/层	防刺平均单层吸能/J
浸胶芳纶布试样1	23	8510	16	1.5
浸胶芳纶布试样2	18	6660	16	1.5
科博PE布试样1	36	8640	全穿
科博PE布试样2	59	14160	43	0.558

试样	总层数	总面密度/ (g·m^-2)	平均穿透层数/层	防刺平均单层吸能/J
浸胶芳纶布试样1	23	8510	16	1.5
浸胶芳纶布试样2	18	6660	16	1.5
科博PE布试样1	36	8640	全穿
科博PE布试样2	59	14160	43	0.558

试样	总层数k/层	总面密度/ (g·m^-2)	试样穿透情况	弹头速度v/ (m·s^-1)	胶泥凹陷深度h/ mm	穿透层数n	防弹单层材料吸能Q₁,Q₂/J
科博PE布试样1	36	8640	未完全穿透	510	12.6	5	19.91
				520	12.1	7	20.75
				515	12.3	5	20.33
				523	12.4	6	20.97
科博PE布试样2	40	9600	未完全穿透	520	7.2	5	18.87
				508	6.3	5	18.02
				514	6.2	6	18.46
				517	9.3	5	18.59
浸胶芳纶布试样1	23	8510	完全穿透
浸胶芳纶布试样2	46	17020	未完全穿透	520	7.2	5	18.87
				518	9.4	31	24.08
				512	6.2	27	27.13
				507	6.1	30	23.94
				510	6.3	31	23.44
浸胶芳纶布试样3	52	19240	未完全穿透	523	5.3	26	29.42
				515	6.3	27	27.45
				506	5.4	26	27.53
				514	6.2	31	23.81