Aerodynamic Characteristics and Control Mechanisms of Spoilers for Multi-body Tail-controlled Projectile

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0781

Abstract

Abstract:

In modern warfare, the demand for long-range precision strikes has increased, and the traditional unguided weapons are no longer sufficient to meet these needs. Guided weapons are receiving increasing attention. The aerodynamic characteristics of spoilers, as control actuators, under different conditions have been insufficiently understood, and their control mechanisms are not yet well-defined. The aerodynamic performance variations of spoilers at different heights, spans and axial positions, as well as their principles are investigated through numerical simulation and trajectory analysis. The causes of variations in additional forces and moments at different Mach numbers are analyzed through the use of shadowgraphs,streamlines,and other diagnostic methods.The study results indicate that the different parameters of spoiler have significant impacts on the additional forces,moments and control drag ratio. Specifically, the additional axial force directly affects the range of projectile, while the additional normal forces and moments have influences on the correction capability of projectile. This research provides important reference for the future design and optimization of spoiler and control system.

Key words: multi-body projectile, computational fluid dynamics, spoiler, aerodynamic characteristics

LUO Xinrui, ZHANG Meng, DENG Zhihong, SHEN Kai, JIANG Zhihao. Aerodynamic Characteristics and Control Mechanisms of Spoilers for Multi-body Tail-controlled Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S2): 259-270.

Figures/Tables 26

Fig.1 Multi-body projectile model

Fig.2 Spoiler model

Fig.3 Illustration of spoiler effect

Fig.4 Spoiler effect diagram

Fig.5 Relative velocity diagram of spoiler

Fig.6 7-degrees-of-freedom trajectory

Fig.7 Spoiler correction principle

Fig.8 Spoiler-corrected trajectory

Fig.9 Mesh model

Table 1 Simulation condition setting

设置	方案
控制方程	雷诺平均三维可压缩N-S方程
仿真方法	RANS方法,标准k-ε湍流模型
近壁区域	标准壁面函数(Launder和Spalding)
求解器	基于密度的隐式求解器

Fig.10 Shadowgraph(density gradient)

Fig.11 Projectile streamlines and velocity map(1.5Ma)

Fig.12 Projectile streamlines and velocity map(1.5Ma)

Table 2 Spoiler configuration parameters

扰流片	高度/mm	跨度/(°)	轴向位置/mm
构型1	20	20	0
构型2	10	20	0
构型3	30	20	0
构型4	20	30	0
构型5	20	40	0
构型6	20	20	20
构型7	20	20	40

Fig.13 Coefficient plot of additional force of spoiler in Configuration 1

Fig.14 Projectile streamlines and density map (3°angle of atack)

Fig.15 Different spoiler heights(1.5Ma)

Fig.16 Change in additional force due to different spoiler heights

Fig.17 Different spoiler spans(1.5Ma)

Fig.18 Different spoiler spans

Fig.19 Different spoiler positions(1.5Ma)

Fig.20 Different spoiler positions

Fig.21 Spoiler effect

Fig.22 Spoiler-corrected range

Fig.23 Spoiler correction capability

Fig.24 Relative angle of attack

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