Experimental Research on the Characteristics of Behind-armor Debris from Explosively Formed Projectile Penetrating Targets of Different Materials

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0696

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of target material properties on the characteristics of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by explosively formed projectile(EFP) penetration, the experimental research on the characteristics of BAD from EFP penetrating into the targets made of different materials, including Q235 steel, 45^# steel, armor steel and 2A12 aluminum, was carried out. The morphology and expansion size of BAD cloud was observed by X-ray photography, and the fragment dispersion characteristics was obtained by arranging multi-layered witness fiber plates, meanwhile the BAD were recovered. The results show that, when the target material density is constant, the strength of the target mainly affects the axial expansion capacity of the debris cloud, but has little effect on the radial expansion capacity. The dispersion angle of annular damage region of BAD is in the range of 20°-25°, but the back surface of the target is spalled to cause a maximum value of dispersion angle. With the increase of the strength of steel target, the radial dispersion of BAD increases, the total number of fragments decreases, while the number of steel fragments in the large mass segment increases. The average size of steel fragments produced by steel targets with different yield strengths satisfies the fragment size model based on material flow stress proposed in Ref.[19].

Key words: explosively formed projectile, behind-armor debris, radial dispersion, mass distribution, fragment size

CLC Number:

TJ410.3⁺33

HUANG Xuanning, LI Weibing, LI Wenbin, YIN Guixiang, GUO Tengfei. Experimental Research on the Characteristics of Behind-armor Debris from Explosively Formed Projectile Penetrating Targets of Different Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 58-68.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 EFP warhead

Fig.2 Experimental setup

Fig.3 Photographs of damaged target (left: the front side of target; right: the backside of target)

Fig.4 Perforation diameters of targets

Fig.5 Photographs of BAD

Fig.6 Debris cloud size

Fig.7 Photographs of damaged witness plates

Fig.8 Dispersion angles of BAD

Fig.9 Recovered targets and EFP fragments

Fig.10 Recovered plug block and steel-copper bond fragment

Fig.11 Mass distribution of BAD

Table 1 Fitting parameters of fragment mass distribution

靶板材料	靶板破片			EFP破片
靶板材料	c	λ	R²	c	λ	R²
Q235钢	1.56	1.00	0.984	1.02	0.93	0.977
RHA	5.42	1.28	0.977	1.38	1.04	0.987
45号钢	1.44	0.80	0.984	0.78	0.89	0.981
2A12铝	0.19	1.08	0.918	0.27	0.72	0.896

Fig.12 Distribution of cumulative number of fragments

Table 2 Fitting results of cumulative number distribution of fragments

钢靶材料	A₁	t₁	y₀	R²
Q235钢	-16.87	-0.51	1.86	0.985
45号钢	-6.55	-0.73	1.85	0.982
RHA	-9.84	-0.52	1.63	0.995

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of target bulging deformation

Fig.14 Average size of steel fragments under different strain rates

Fig.15 Experimental and model calculation values of the characteristic size of fragments produced by different steel targets

Table 3 Comparison between model and experimental results of characteristic sizes of steel fragments

靶板材料	试验值/mm	模型计算值/mm	相对误差/%
Q235钢	5.87	5.65	3.68
45号钢	6.10	6.29	3.03
RHA	8.68	8.45	2.60

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