Study on Preparation and Properties of TiW/Ni/Au Exploding Foil

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0238

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploding foil initiator is very popular in all kinds of tactical weapons because of its high reliability and security, but its initiation requires high input energy and voltage, so it needs to be equipped with special initiation circuit, which leads to high cost and large volume. Its application in conventional weapons is limited. In order to comply with the development trend of low energy and miniaturization of exploding foil initiator and obtain and exploding foil initiator with charging voltage below 1.5kV, a kind of exploding foil with TiW/Ni/Au composite film was designed and prepared, and its electric explosion performance and driving ability were studied deeply. The results show that the TiW/Ni/Au exploding foil with bridge size of 0.15mm×0.15mm has the best performance. It can reliably explode when the charging voltage is 800V and the energy storage capacitance is 0.1μF, so that the 25μm-thick polyimide flyer is accelerated to 3920m/s within 0.4μs under the shear action of an accelerated bore with a diameter of 350μm. Compared with Cu foil, the energy utilization efficiency of TiW/Ni/Au exploding foil is increased from 3.11% to 12.76% at 800V charging voltage.

Key words: exploding foil, magnetron sputtering method, electric explosion characteristic test, photon Doppler flyer velocity measurement

CLC Number:

TJ450

LI Siyu, DONG Xiaofen, WANG Yunpeng, LI Shuai, WANG Duan, WANG Qinghua. Study on Preparation and Properties of TiW/Ni/Au Exploding Foil[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3826-3835.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of TiW/Ni/Au exploding foil

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of exploding foil bridge band and bridge area

Fig.3 Shape and size of exploding foil

Table 1 Design parameters of TiW/Ni/Au exploding foil

基底	材料	厚度/μm	桥区尺寸/mm
			0.10×0.10
Pyrex7740玻璃	TiW/Ni/Au	0.05/0.3/3.65	0.15×0.15
			0.20×0.20
			0.23×0.23

Fig.4 Magnetron sputtering machine

Table 2 Specification parameters of metal target material

靶材	规格/mm	纯度/%
TiW合金(质量含量比W∶Ti=9%∶1%)	ϕ100×2	≥99.95
Ni金属	ϕ100×2	≥99.95
Au金属	ϕ100×2	≥99.95

Fig.5 Process flow diagram of exploding foil

Fig.6 Physical view of exploding foil transducer element

Fig.7 SEM micrograph of TiW/Ni/Au exploding foil

Fig.8 AFM micrograph of TiW/Ni/Au exploding foil

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of test circuit

Fig.10 Voltage curve of excitation circuit

Table 3 Electrical safety test results

桥区尺寸/mm	充电电压/V	试验结果
0.10×0.10	500	均激发
0.15×0.15	500	均未激发
0.20×0.20	500	均未激发
0.23×0.23	500	均未激发

Fig.11 Voltage and current curves of exploding foil with bridge size of 0.23mm at 800V charging voltage

Fig.12 Comparison of deposition energies

Fig.13 Energy utilization comparison chart

Fig.14 Comparison of current densities in the bridge area

Fig.15 Burst power comparison chart

Fig.16 Physical diagram of photonic Doppler velocimetry system

Fig.17 Schematic diagram of photonic Doppler velocimetry system circuit

Table 4 Technical performance indicators of test instrument

技术指标	数值
激光波长/nm	1554
最大输入光功率/mW	≤500
测量点数	2
理论测速范围/(m·s^-1)	0~60000
传光方式	全光纤传输
时间分辨率/ns	<0.2
仪器供电要求	200~240VAC,50/60Hz,功耗小于100W

Fig.18 PDV flyer velocimetry curve

References 28

[1]	简昊天, 汪柯, 沈瑞琪, 等. 直列式爆炸箔点火及相关技术研究进展[J]. 含能材料, 2022, 30(4): 396-411.
	JIAN H T, WANG K, SHEN R Q, et al. Review on in-line exploding foil ignition and related technologies[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2022, 30(4): 396-411. (in Chinese)
[2]	PRINSE W, SCHOLTES G. A development platform for a micro-chip EFI[C]// Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Fuze Conference. Sparks, NV, US: Defense Technical Information Center, 2008, 3: 13-15.
[3]	付秋菠, 蒋小华, 郭菲, 等. 爆炸箔尺寸对飞片速度的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2010, 31(4): 434-436.
	FU Q B, JIANG X H, GUO F, et al. Effect of exploding foil size on flyer velocity[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2010, 31(4): 434-436. (in Chinese)
[4]	钱勇, 褚恩义, 谢高第, 等. 三种爆炸箔桥形状的比较分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2009, 30(2): 217-220.
	QIAN Y, CHU E Y, XIE G D, et al. The optimization design of exploding foil bridge shape[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2009, 30(2): 217-220. (in Chinese)
[5]	ZENG Q X, LV J J, LI M Y. Note: the influence of exploding foil shape on energy deposition[J]. The Review of scientific instruments, 2013, 84(6): 066105. doi: 10.1063/1.4811381 URL
[6]	CHU Q Y, YANG Z, ZHU P, et al. Effect of metal foil size on the actuation properties of micro-chip exploding foil initiator[J]. Sensors and Actuators: A: Physical, 2022, 344: 113701. doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113701 URL
[7]	房旷, 陈清畴, 付秋菠, 等. 集成爆炸箔起爆器的制备和飞片驱动能力表征[J]. 含能材料, 2016, 24(9): 892-897.
	FANG K, CHEN Q C, FU Q B, et al. Fabrication and flyer driving capability characterisation of an integrated exploding foil initiator[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2016, 24(9): 892-897. (in Chinese)
[8]	陈楷, 徐聪, 朱朋, 等. 加速膛与复合飞片对集成爆炸箔起爆器性能的影响[J]. 含能材料, 2018, 26(3): 273-278.
	CHEN K, XU C, ZHU P, et al. Effect of barrel and multilayer flyer on the performances of micro chip exploding foil initiator[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2018, 26(3): 273-278. (in Chinese)
[9]	ZHOU X, SHEN R Q, YE Y H, et al. Influence of Al/CuO reactive multilayer films additives on exploding foil initiator[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, 110(9): 094505. doi: 10.1063/1.3658617 URL
[10]	黄娜, 唐洪佩, 黄寅生, 等. 冲击片雷管爆炸箔的制备与电爆性能[J]. 含能材料, 2014, 22(4): 514-520.
	HUANG N, TANG H P, HUANG Y S, et al. Preparation and electrical performance of exploding foil in slapper detonator[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2014, 22(4): 514-520. (in Chinese)
[11]	SEEMA S, MARKUS L, NORMAN K, et al. Self-propagating exothermic reaction analysis in Ti/Al reactive films using experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 396: 1490-1498. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.11.197 URL
[12]	ZENG Q X, WANG T, LI M Y, et al. Mechanism and characteristics on the electric explosion of Al/Ni reactive multilayer foils[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2019, 115(9): 093102. doi: 10.1063/1.5115573 URL
[13]	QIN Y, FU Q B, FAN L, et al. Analysis of electric explosion performance of Ni/Cu multilayer foil[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(9): 1436-1442. doi: 10.1002/prep.v45.9 URL
[14]	韩克华, 任西, 褚恩义, 等. 高压脉冲功率源输出特性[J]. 探测与控制学报, 2012, 34(4): 24-29, 33.
	HAN K H, REN X, CHU E Y, et al. Output performance of high voltage pulse power source[J]. Journal of Detection and Control, 2012, 34(4): 24-29, 33. (in Chinese)
[15]	DAVE G, CORY H. Mutiple launch rocket system (MLRS) fuzing evolving to meet end user requirements[C]// Proceedings of the 51st Annual NDIA Fuze Conference. Nashville, TN, US: Defense Technical Information Center, 2007.
[16]	JIANG X G, ZHANG C F, YU H T, et al. Design and firing and safety performance of metal film igniting component[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(5):770-774. doi: 10.1002/prep.v45.5 URL
[17]	GRIGORIEV A N, PAVLENKO A V, KARNAUKHOV E I. Studying the influence of a foil material on the uniformity of its electric explosion[J]. Technical physics letters: Letters to the Russian journal of applied physics, 2014, 40(10): 913-916.
[18]	SINGH V, JULIEN B, SALVAGNAC L, et al. Influence of process parameters on energetic properties of sputter-deposited Al/CuO reactive multilayers[J]. Nanotechnology, 2022, 33(46): 465704. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac85c5
[19]	ANA S R, SÓNIA S, LUKASZ M, et al. Effect of deposition parameters on the reactivity of Al/Ni multilayer thin films[J]. Coatings, 2020, 10(8): 721. doi: 10.3390/coatings10080721 URL
[20]	WANG Y, ZHOU Q, JIANG H C, et al. Influence of interface layer on the properties of exploding foil flyer generator by integrating Al/Ni multilayers[J]. Physica Status Solidi A-Applications and Materials Science, 2020, 217(11): 2000112.
[21]	SUN L X, ZHAN Z Q, WU Z Q, et al. Optimizing cure temperature of polyimide flyer for exploding foil initiator applications[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2022, 139(44): e53072. doi: 10.1002/app.v139.44 URL
[22]	李可为, 褚恩义, 薛艳, 等. 基于非硅微制造工艺的爆炸箔起爆器研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(2): 261-266. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2017.02.008
	LI K W, CHU E Y, XUE Y, et al. Research on exploding foil initiator based on non-silicon MEMS technology[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38 (2): 261-266. (in Chinese)
[23]	HAN K H, ZHAO W J, DENG P, et al. Research on characteristics of copper foil three-electrode planar spark gap high voltage switch integrated with EFI[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(4): 1989. doi: 10.3390/app12041989 URL
[24]	BOWDEN M, NEAL W. High fidelity studies of exploding foil initiator bridges, Part 1: experimental method[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, 1793(1): 060020.
[25]	赵彦, 曾庆轩, 梁琦. 电爆炸桥箔电导率模型研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2008, 29(8): 902-906.
	ZHAO Y, ZENG Q X, LIANG Q. Study of theoretical model for conductivity of electric exploding foil[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2008, 29(8): 902-906. (in Chinese)
[26]	LI J, CHU E Y, TONG H H, et al. Study on energy conversion characterization of low energy exploding foil initiator system[C]// Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Defence Technology. Beijing, China: China Ordnance Society, 2018: 408-410.
[27]	TUCKER T J, STANTON P L. Electrical gurney energy: a new conception in modeling of energy transfer from electrically exploded conductors:SAND-75-0244[R]. Albuquerque, NM, US: Sandia Labs, 1975.
[28]	STANTON P L. Acceleration of flyer plates by electrically exploding foils:SAND-75-0221[R]. Albuquerque, NM, US: Sandia Labs, 1976.