Research on the Mechanism of Chest Injury Caused by Explosion Shock Waves Based on THUMS Model

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0724

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to obtain the mechanism of chest injury under explosion shock waves, a high fidelity digital dummy model (total human model for safety, THUMS) was used to construct a numerical model of the human-explosion flow field using the Load_Blast_Enhanced method and the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) method. The damage to the human chest under explosion shock waves was numerically calculated, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by an explosion accident. Based on the peak overpressure criterion of shock waves and the Axelsson damage model, it was found that personnel injury levels were only at risk of minor injuries when TNT equivalent was 1500g and explosion distance was 4m. Based on the dynamic response of skin, bones, heart and lungs, a detailed analysis of the types of injuries to various tissues and organs of personnel was conducted, revealing the injury patterns and mechanisms of explosion shock waves during minor injuries. The research results can provide reference for the assessment of injuries caused by explosions and the design of related protective equipment.

Key words: totalhuman model for safety, explosion shock wave, injury mechanism, numerical simulation of human body

CLC Number:

O389

WANG Zehua, PAN Teng, LIU Han, ZHOU Hongyuan, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong. Research on the Mechanism of Chest Injury Caused by Explosion Shock Waves Based on THUMS Model[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(10): 3754-3764.

Figures/Tables 26

Fig.1 THUMS finite element model of human body

Table 1 Material properties used for the linear polynomial EOS for air

C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	E/kPa
0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	250

Fig.2 LBE+ALE simulation diagram

Table 2 Shock wave peak overpressure criterion and corresponding damage characteristics[21]

冲击波峰值超压阈值/kPa	损伤等级	损伤特征
34.5	一级	少数鼓膜破裂
103.4	二级	50%鼓膜破裂
207.2~345.2	三级	轻度肺损伤
552.4~690.6	四级	50%严重肺损伤
690.6	五级	个别致死
897.8~1243.1	六级	50%致死
1381.2~1726.6	七级	一般均致死

Fig.3 Axelsson equivalent model

Table 3 Relationship between predicted chest wall velocity and degree of injury

损伤等级	v_cwp/(m·s^-1)
无损伤	0.0~3.6
轻微伤至轻伤	3.7~7.5
轻伤至中度损伤	4.3~9.8
中度损伤至重度损伤	7.5~16.9
致死率高于50%	>12.8

Fig.4 Relationship between peak sternal velocity and predicted chest wall velocity[10]

Table 4 Relationship between sternal velocity and degree of injury

损伤等级	v_sp/(m·s^-1)
无损伤	0.0~2.2
轻微伤至轻伤	2.3~4.6
轻伤至中度损伤	2.7~6.1
中度损伤至重度损伤	4.6~10.5
致死率高于50%	>7.1

Fig.5 Change in chest air pressure under different blast distance

Fig.6 Change in sternal velocity after arrival of shock waves at different blast distances

Fig.7 Chest compressionswith different constraint conditions

Table 5 Different working conditions

序号	工况
1	TNT当量800g,爆距4m
2	TNT当量1000g,爆距4m
3	TNT当量1500g,爆距4m
4	TNT当量800g,爆距6m
5	TNT当量1000g,爆距6m
6	TNT当量1500g,爆距6m

Fig.8 Evaluation of overpressure damage criteria

Fig.9 Evaluation of Axelsson model criteria

Fig.10 Distribution of chest and abdominal pressures at different times

Fig.11 Maximum skin stresses under six working conditions

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of sternum ribsand T8 thoracicvertebra

Fig.13 x-direction velocity and displacement images of sternum and T8 thoracic vertebrae

Fig.14 Stress distribution in the chest at typical moments under shock wave action

Fig.15 Changes of Mises stresses in sternum and ribs

Fig.16 Maximum stress of sternum under six working conditions

Fig.17 Maximum strains of sternum and rib under six working conditions

Fig.18 Changes in x-direction velocity of heart and lungs

Fig.9 Velocities of heart and lung at observating points

Fig.20 Selected observating point position

Fig.21 Pressure and velocity at selected observation point

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