Study on the Cook-off Characteristics of B/KNO3 Ignition Charge

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0657

Abstract

Abstract:

The cook-off test devices for multi-point temperature measuring are established to study the thermal safety of B/KNO₃ ignition charge. The multi-point temperature measuring and cook-off tests of B/KNO₃ ignition charge under the conditions of different heating rates and charge densities are made to obtain the accurate ignition time of ignition charge and the temperature curves of different monitoring points during the cook-off tests. A numerical calculation model of B/KNO₃ ignition charge for the cook-off test is established. The self-thermal decomposition reaction and phase transition heat absorption of ignition charge are considered in the calculation model. Then, the model is used to simulate the cook-off process of B/KNO₃ ignition charge under the conditions of different heating rates and charge densities. The thermal and kinetic parameters of B/KNO₃ ignition charge are calibrated by comparing with the experimental results. The results show that the pre-exponential factor of B/KNO₃ ignition charge is 7.763×10¹³s^-1, and its activation energy is 2.0787×10⁵J/mol; with the decrease in the heating rate, the ignition delay time increases gradually, the ignition area moves to the center gradually, and the ignition ambient temperature decreases gradually. When the change in charge density is not significant, the ignition characteristics of ignition charge do not differ much.

Key words: B/KNO₃ ignition charge, cook-off test, thermal safety, ignition characteristics

CLC Number:

TQ565

WU Junying, SHANG Yiping, ZHENG Fude, DU Haojie, YAO Yule, LI Junjian, CHEN Lang. Study on the Cook-off Characteristics of B/KNO₃ Ignition Charge[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2828-2836.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Structural diagram of multi-point temperature measuring setup

Fig.2 Photographs of cook-off experimental device

Fig.3 Photographs of shell and heating coat after ignition

Fig.4 Temperature-time curves of different monitoring points of B/KNO3 ignition charge at different heating rates

Table 1 The ignition characteristics of B/KNO3 ignition charge at different heating rates

升温速率/(K·min^-1)	点火时间/s	点火环境温度/K
1.5	10547.4	575.09
3.0	5370.9	580.10
6.0	3013.0	612.85

Fig.5 Temperature-time curves of different monitoring points of B/KNO3 ignition charge at different charge densities

Table 2 Thermal parameters of materials

材料	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	热容/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)
	1574.10	1140	0.37
装药	1300.00	1140	0.31
	1100.00	1140	0.24
空气	1.225	1006.43	0.0242
钢壳	8030	502.48	16.27

Fig.6 Grid diagram of multi-point temperature measurement

Fig.7 Experimental and calculated temperature-time curves of each monitoring point at different heating rates

Fig.8 Distribution of temperature on the section of calculation model at different times at 3.0K/min

Fig.9 Distribution of temperature on the section of calculation model at ignition time at different heating rates

Fig.10 Experimental and calculated temperature-time curves of each monitoring point at different charge densities

Fig.11 Distribution of temperature on the section of calculation model at ignition time at different charge densities

References 10

[10]	XIAO Y C, WANG R S, FAN C Y, et al. Cook-off experiment on the JH-14C booster explosive with a shell and numerical simulation on its cook-off response[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2023, 43(7): 072301. (in Chinese)
[11]	SEMINOV N N. Theories of combustion process[J]. Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie, 1928, 48: 571-582.
[12]	冯长根, 张蕊, 陈朗. RDX炸药热烤(Cook-off)实验及数值模拟[J]. 含能材料, 2004, 12(4): 193-198.
	FENG C G, ZHANG R, CHEN L. The cook-off test and its numerical simulation of RDX[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2004, 12(4): 193-198. (in Chinese)
[13]	王沛, 陈朗, 冯长根. 不同升温速率下炸药烤燃模拟计算分析[J]. 含能材料, 2009, 17(1): 46-49, 54.
	WANG P, CHEN L, FENG C G. Numerical simulation of cook-off for explosive at different heating rates[J] Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(1): 46-49, 54. (in Chinese)
[14]	MCGUIRE R R, TARVER C M. Chemical-decomposition models for the thermal explosion of confined HMX, TATB, RDX, and TNT explosives:UCRL-84986[R]. Livermore, CA, US: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1981.
[15]	TARVER C M, KOERNER J G. Effects of endothermic binders on times to explosion of HMX- and TATB-based plastic bonded explosives[J]. Journal of Energetic Materials. 2007, 26(1): 1-28.
[16]	陈朗, 王沛, 冯长根. 考虑相变的炸药烤燃数值模拟计算[J]. 含能材料, 2009, 17(5): 568-573.
	CHEN L, WANG P, FENG C G. Numerical simulation of cook-off about phase transition of explosive[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(5): 568-573. (in Chinese)
[17]	周捷, 智小琦, 刘子德, 等. 2,4-二硝基苯甲醚基熔铸炸药慢速烤燃过程传热特征分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(6): 1154-1160. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.06.005
	ZHOU J, ZHI X Q, LIU Z D, et al. Analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive in slow cook-off test[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(6): 1154-1160. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.06.005
[18]	KOU Y F, CHEN L, LU J Y, et al. Assessing the thermal safety of solid propellant charges based on slow cook-off tests and numerical simulations[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2021, 228: 154-162.
[19]	GU J S, LI H B, ZHAO X Q, et al. Kinetic modeling of liquid phase RDX thermal decomposition process and its application in the slow cook-off test prediction[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2021, 46(6): 935-943.
[20]	NIE P S, JIN S H, KOU X Y, et al. Study on the effect of NTO on the performance of HMX-based aluminized cast-PBX[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(14): 4808.
[21]	郭伟, 张志新, 王端, 等. B/KNO₃激光点火器装药参数与点火性能研究[J]. 火工品, 2023(1): 11-15.
	GUO W, ZHANG Z X, WANG D, et al. Study on charge parameters and ignition performance of B/KNO₃ laser igniter[J]. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2023(1): 11-15. (in Chinese)
[22]	寇永锋. 火炸药装药烤燃反应特征及热安全性研究[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2022.
	KOU Y F. Research on the reaction characteristics and thermal safety of explosives and gunpowders charge under cook-off[D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2022. (in Chinese)
[1]	李晨阳, 文坤, 安崇伟, 等. 黏结剂对B/KNO₃微笔直写样品成型效果及燃烧性能的影响[J]. 含能材料, 2022, 30(4): 332-340.
	LI C Y, WEN K, AN C W, et al. Effect of binder on formability and combustion performance of B/KNO₃ samples by direct ink writing[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2022, 30(4): 332-340. (in Chinese)
[2]	寇永锋, 陈朗, 马欣, 等. 黑索今基含铝炸药烤燃实验和数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(5): 978-989. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.010
	KOU Y F, CHEN L, MA X, et al. Cook-off experimental and numerical simulation of RDX-based aluminized explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(5): 978-989. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.010
[3]	ZINN J, MADER C L. Thermal initiation of explosives[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1960, 31(2): 323-328.
[4]	CATALANO E, MCGUIRE R, LEE E, et al. The thermal decomposition and reaction of confined explosives[C]//Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium (International) on Detonation. San Diego, CA, US: Office of Naval Research-Department of the Navy, 1976: 214-222.
[5]	DICKSON P M, ASAY B W, HENSON B F, et al. Measurement of phase change and thermal decomposition kinetics during cook-off of PBX 9501[C]//Proceedings of the Fourteenth Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. Snowbird, UT, US: American Institute of Physics, 2000: 505, 837-840.
[6]	RODUIT B, BORGEAT C, BERGER B, et al. Up-scaling of dsc data of high energetic materials[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2006, 85(1): 195-202.
[7]	马欣, 陈朗. HMX基混合炸药烤燃特性及多步热反应计算[J]. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(增刊1): 334-342.
	MA X, CHEN L. Research on cook-off characteristics and multistep thermal decomposition calculation of HMX-based explosive[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2015, 36(S1): 334-342. (in Chinese)
[8]	程万里, 高鹏, 吕春玲, 等. RDX含量对改性双基推进剂热安全特性的影响[J]. 含能材料, 2023, 31(10):1026-1034.
	CHENG W L, GAO P, LYU C L, et al. Effect of RDX content on thermal safety of modified double base propellant[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2023, 31(10):1026-1034. (in Chinese)
[9]	郭伟, 贾路川, 王浩旭, 等. 加速老化PBX-6炸药的烤燃实验研究[J]. 火炸药学报, 2022, 45(3): 315-322. doi: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202203040
	GUO W, JIA L C, WANG H X, et al. Experimental research on cook-off test of accelerated aging PBX-6 explosive[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2022, 45(3): 315-322. (in Chinese)
[10]	肖有才, 王瑞胜, 范晨阳, 等. 带壳JH-14C传爆药烤燃实验及响应特性数值模拟[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2023, 43(7): 072301.

Study on the Cook-off Characteristics of B/KNO₃ Ignition Charge

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 10

Related Articles 3

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Xinyu, JIANG Chunlan, WANG Zaicheng, FANG Yuande. Research on the Pressure Relief Structure of JEO Shaped Charge Warhead during Cook-off [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 1-14.
[2]	KOU Yongfeng, YANG Kun, ZHANG Bin, XIAO Yiwen, LU Jianying, CHEN Lang. Research on Thermal Safety of Warhead Charge Based on Cook-off Experimental and Numerical Simulation [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 41-49.
[3]	YANG Hou-wen, YU Yong-gang, YE Rui. Numerical Simulation of Cook-off Characteristic of Solid Rocket Motor in Different Flame Environments [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2015, 36(9): 1640-1646.