负泊松比结构缓冲装置入水冲击特性数值仿真

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0640

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对跨介质航行器入水冲击带来的结构损伤问题,提出一种采用负泊松比头罩降载的方法,利用负泊松比结构特殊的拉胀效应,使头罩吸收更多的冲击能量。采用任意朗格朗日-欧拉算法分析了负泊松比头罩对航行器降载特性的影响规律,并通过实验数据对数值方法进行了验证。研究结果表明:与传统降载头罩相比,负泊松比头罩在结构轻量化的基础上可有效降低结构入水冲击载荷,在入水速度分别为20m/s、35m/s、50m/s时,加速度峰值可以降低75%、70%、68%,具有良好的降载缓冲效果;不同胞元夹角、壁厚和边长参数下,负泊松比结构的降载特性有较大差异,在胞元角20°、胞元壁厚0.5mm、1.6倍胞元边长参数下,负泊松比头罩的降载特性达到最优效果。

关键词: 跨介质航行器, 负泊松比, 蜂窝结构, 入水冲击, 多介质任意朗格朗日-欧拉算法

Abstract:

Aiming at the structural damage caused by the water-entry impact of trans-media vehicle, an auxetic hood load-shedding method is proposed to make use of the special tensile expansion effect of auxetic structure, so that the hood can absorb more impact energy. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm is used to analyze the influence law of the auxetic hood on the load-shedding characteristics of the vehicle, and the numerical method is verified by experimental data. The results show that, compared with the traditional load-shedding cowl, the auxetic hood effectively reduces the impact load of the structure entering into water on the basis of structural lightweight, and the peak acceleration can be reduced by 75%, 70% and 68% at the water-entry speeds of 20m/s, 35m/s and 50m/s, which is a good load-shedding cushioning effect. And the load-shedding characteristics of auxetic structure differ greatly under the different parameters of the cell angle, the wall thickness and the length of the sides. The load-shedding characteristics of auxetic hood reaches the optimal effect with cell angle of 20°, cell wall thickness of 0.5mm and cell side length of 1.6 times.

Key words: trans-media vehicle, auxetic structure, honeycomb structure, water-entry impact, multi-material ALE method

中图分类号:

O353.4

鞠金龙, 杨娜娜, 余雷, 张哲, 吴文华. 负泊松比结构缓冲装置入水冲击特性数值仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240640-.

JU Jinlong, YANG Nana, YU Lei, ZHANG Zhe, WU Wenhua. Simulation of Water-entry Impact Characteristics of Auxetic Structure Buffer Device[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240640-.

图/表 19

表1 水状态方程参数

Table 1 Equation of state parameters for water

ρ_w/(kg·m^-3)	C/(m·s^-1)	γ₀	S₁	S₂
1000	1650	0.35	1.92	0

图1 航行器模型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of vehicle

表2 T700碳纤维复合材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of T700

密度/(kg·m^-3)			拉伸强度E₁/MPa				弹性模G₁/GPa			泊松比
1650			4900				240			0.307
最大拉伸应变/×10²				最大压缩应变/×-10²				最大剪切应变/×10²
T_x	T_y	T_z		C_x	C_y	C_z		S_xy	S_yz		S_xz
1.67	0.32	0.32		1.08	1.92	1.92		1.2	1.1		1.2

图2 网格划分示意图

Fig.2 Finite element mesh

图3 实验数据(左)与仿真结果(右)对比

Fig.3 Comparison of experimental data (left) and simulated results (right)

图4 弹体深度-时间曲线对比

Fig.4 Comparison of depth-time curves of projectile body

图5 应力-时间曲线

Fig.5 Stress-time curve

图6 航行器入水过程

Fig.6 Water-entry process of vehicle

图7 航行器头罩压缩变化对比

Fig.7 Comparison of compression changes of vehicle cap

图8 不同速度航行器加速度曲线

Fig.8 Acceleration curves of vehicles at different speeds

表3 航行器加速度峰值

Table 3 Maximum acceleration of vehicle

入水速度/ (m·s^-1)	直接入水加速度峰值/(m·s^-2)	头罩航行器加速度峰值/(m·s^-2)	降载率/%
20	5817	1473	75
35	11617	3511	70
50	16747	5441	68

图9 不同速度航行器加速度峰值与单位质量吸能效率曲线

Fig.9 Maximum acceleration and specific energy absorption curves of vehicles at different speeds

图10 不同胞元夹角航行器加速度对比图

Fig.10 Comparison of accelerations from different angles

图11 不同胞元夹角航行器加速度峰值与单位质量吸能效率曲线

Fig.11 Maximum acceleration and specific energy absorption curves of vehicles at different angles

图12 不同壁厚航行器加速度对比图

Fig.12 Comparison of acceleration from different wall thicknesses

图13 不同壁厚航行器加速度峰值与单位质量吸能效率曲线

Fig.13 Maximum acceleration and specific energy absorption curves of vehicles with different thickness

图14 不同尺寸航行器加速度对比图

Fig.14 Comparison of acceleration from different sizes

图15 不同尺寸航行器加速度峰值与单位质量吸能效率曲线

Fig.15 Maximum acceleration and specific energy absorption curves of vehicles with different sizes

表4 仿真结果对比

Table 4 Simulated results

工况	结构参数			单位质量结构吸能效率/kg^-1	加速度/ (m·s^-2)
工况	胞元夹角/ (°)	壁厚/ mm	胞元边长/ L	单位质量结构吸能效率/kg^-1	加速度/ (m·s^-2)
1	30	1	1	5.52	3511
2	40	1	1	4.16	2870
3	35	1	1	3.96	3942
4	25	1	1	6.15	3175
5	20	1	1	7.90	3380
6	15	1	1	7.65	3043
7	10	1	1	7.35	3252
8	30	0.5	1	26.51	2186
9	30	1.5	1	1.33	5885
10	30	2.0	1	0.84	5315
11	30	1	0.9	4.36	3895
12	30	1	1.2	5.82	3107
13	30	1	1.4	6.57	3056
14	30	1	1.6	9.37	2687
15	30	1	1.8	8.65	3025
16	30	1	2.0	8.98	3628

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