基于相场耦合内聚力模型的身管镀层剥落数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0227

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

身管武器在使用过程中其内膛镀层会发生剥落现象,缩短身管武器使用寿命,该现象的机理尚未明确。为研究身管武器内膛镀层剥落现象,提出一种相场耦合内聚力模型的数值模拟方法。考虑到相场具有的连续介质力学特性在裂纹扩展模拟中的优越性以及内聚力模型在多相材料界面损伤模拟中的普遍适用性,针对身管武器镀层和基体内部的裂纹扩展行为使用相场进行模拟,而针对基体和镀层界面的损伤使用内聚力模型进行模拟。针对裂纹在界面处发生偏转的现象,开展一条裂纹和两条裂纹发生扩展的有限元仿真,并与试验结果进行对比;研究镀层存在多条裂纹时不同裂纹间距对界面损伤的影响;此外还讨论了相场特征长度对裂纹扩展行为的影响。研究结果表明:当裂纹扩展至基体和镀层界面时会转而沿界面向两侧扩展,最终演化为界面失效;当多条裂纹扩展至界面处时,界面损伤主要发生在多条裂纹之间的区域,最终演化为镀层剥落;裂纹间距对界面的初始损伤和界面损伤发展速度存在影响;新提出的相场耦合内聚力模型的数值模拟方法可以作为研究身管镀层失效机理的计算方法。

关键词: 身管武器, 镀层, 相场方法, 内聚力模型, 有限元模拟

Abstract:

The coating on the inner chamber may peel off during the use of barrel, shortening the service life of barrel weapon. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet clear. To study the phenomenon of coating peeling in the barrel of barrel weapons, A numerical simulation method for the phase-field model (PFM) coupling with the cohesive zone model (CZM) is proposed. Considering the superiority of continuous medium mechanical properties of PFM in crack propagation simulation and the universal applicability of CZM in multiphase material interface damage simulation. PFM is used to simulate the crack propagation behaviors inside the coating and substrate, while CZM is used to simulate the damage at the interface between the substrate and the coating. The finite element simulation is made for one crack and two cracks propagating at the interface to address the phenomenon of crack deflection, and the simulated results are compared with experimental data. The effects of different crack spacings on interface damage are studied,and the influence of phase-field characteristic length on crack propagation behavior is also discussed. The research results show that, when the crack extends to the interface between the substrate and the coating, it will turn to propagate to both sides along the interface, and eventually making the interface be failure; when multiple cracks propagate to the interface, the interface damage mainly occurs in the area between the multiple cracks, ultimately evolving into coating peeling. The crack spacing has an impact on the initial damage and the development rate of interface damage. The proposed numerical simulation method of the phase field coupled cohesive force model can serve as a computational method for studying the failure mechanism of barrel coatings.

Key words: barrel weapon, coating, phase-field model, cohesive zone model, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

TJ303.1

高健, 邹利波, 于存贵. 基于相场耦合内聚力模型的身管镀层剥落数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(11): 4081-4093.

GAO Jian, ZOU Libo, YU Cungui. Numerical Simulation of Coating Spalling on Barrel Based on Phase-field Coupled Cohesive Force Model[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 4081-4093.

图/表 28

图1 含有裂纹的系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a system with cracks

图2 裂纹变形形式

Fig.2 Crack deformation form

图3 双线性内聚力模型

Fig.3 Bilinear cohesive model (BCM)

表1 基体和镀层的材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters of substrate and coating

基体和镀层	E/GPa	ν	ρ/ (kg·mm^-3)	σ_t/ MPa	G_c/ (J·m^-2)
基体	214	0.31	7.89×10^-6	1080	2700
镀层	276.4	0.12	7.19×10^-6	1000	62.7

表2 界面内聚力参数

Table 2 Interface cohesion parameter

参数	数值
法向抗拉强度σ_t/MPa	50
剪切强度σ_s/MPa	75
罚刚度p_n/(N·m^-3)	1×10⁶
临界拉伸能量释放率G_ct/(J·m^-2)	25
临界剪切能量释放率G_cs/(J·m^-2)	37.5
B-K准则指数α	2.284

图4 单裂纹几何模型

Fig.4 Geometric model of single crack

图5 单裂纹网格模型

Fig.5 Single crack mesh model

图6 裂纹扩展情况

Fig.6 Crack propagation

图7 界面损伤局部放大图

Fig.7 Enlarged view of local interface damage

图8 拉伸试验镀层形貌

Fig.8 Tensile test coating morphology

图9 裂纹扩展应力云图

Fig.9 Nephograms of crack propagation stress

图10 裂纹扩展过程中应力局部放大图

Fig.10 Enlarged view of local stress during crack propagation

图11 选取的数据提取位置

Fig.11 Selected data extraction location

图12 各位置损伤

Fig.12 Damage at each location

图13 各位置应力值

Fig.13 Stress values at each location

图14 预制裂纹尖端应力强度因子

Fig.14 Stress intensity factor at pre-crack tip

图15 镀层剥落形成“凹穴”

Fig.15 Coating peeling forming “pits”

图16 双裂纹镀层拉伸几何模型

Fig.16 Double crack coating tensile model

图17 双裂纹镀层拉伸模型网格

Fig.17 Double crack coating tensile model grid

图18 双裂纹模型裂纹扩展情况

Fig.18 Double crack model crack propagation

图19 双裂纹模型裂纹扩展应力云图

Fig.19 Nephograms of double crack model crack propagation stress

图20 多裂纹扩展形貌

Fig.20 Multi-crack propagation topography

图21 多裂纹试验有限元几何模型

Fig.21 Finite element geometric model for multi-crack testing

图22 多裂纹试验有限元计算结果

Fig.22 Finite element calculation results of multi-crack test

图23 不同相场特征长度裂纹扩展对比

Fig.23 Comparison of crack propagation with different phase field feature lengths

图24 不同相场特征长度所对应的位移-载荷曲线

Fig.24 Displacement-load curves corresponding to different phase-field feature lengths

图25 文献[20]计算结果

Fig.25 Calculated results in Ref.[20]

图26 不同裂纹间距下界面损伤情况

Fig.26 Interface damage under different crack spacings

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