十字形伞有限质量充气展开及尾流再附现象

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0840

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究折叠十字形伞有限质量充气特性及尾流再附现象,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法对质量比数M_r范围为0.17~0.94以及弗劳德数F_r范围为6.8~383.9的十字形伞-载荷系统减速过程进行流固耦合数值模拟。研究M_r及F_r对十字形伞充气过程的影响,并讨论其对开伞载荷峰值X_p、伞衣坍塌参数R_c的影响,绘制十字形伞“正常充气展开”、“发生尾流再附后再次充气”、“发生尾流再附后完全失效”3种不同充气展开结果关于M_r及F_r的相图。分别对3种十字形伞的充气现象进行详细分析,研究其开伞载荷、阻力系数及伞衣投影直径的瞬态变化过程。结合伞衣结构变形、伞衣应力及非定常流场,阐明十字形伞3种不同充气展开过程的流固耦合机理。研究结果表明:无量纲开伞载荷峰值X_p及坍塌参数R_c随F_r的增大而增大;十字形伞有限质量充气展开过程中,伞衣与周围空气发生较为剧烈的动量交换,可能出现高速尾流与伞衣接触导致十字形伞明显凹陷甚至完全塌陷失效的现象。

关键词: 十字形伞, 有限质量, 开伞过程, 尾流再附, 流固耦合

Abstract:

The finite mass inflation characteristics and wake recontact phenomenon of folded cross parachutes are investigated. The fluid-structure interaction numerical simulation is conducted using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method for the cross parachute-load system with mass ratio from 0.17 to 0.94 and Froude number from 6.8 to 383.9 during deceleration. The effects of the mass ratio and Froude number on the inflation process of cross parachute are studied. The peak deployment load and canopy collapse parameter are discussed. The phase diagrams for the three different inflation results of cross parachute, namely, normal inflation, reinflation after wake recontact, and complete failure after wake recontact, are plotted in relation to the mass ratio and Froude number. The three inflation processes of cross parachute are analyzed in detail. The deployment load, drag coefficient, and transient change in the projected diameter of canopy are studied, and the fluid-structure interaction mechanisms of different inflation processes are studied by taking into account the structural deformation of parachute, stress distribution and unsteady flow field. The results indicate hat the dimensionless peak deployment load and canopy collapse parameter increase with the increase in Froude number. During the finite mass inflation process of parachute, there is intense momentum exchange between the canopy and air around it, which may lead to high-speed wake flow interacting with the canopy to cause a significant collapse or even complete collapse of the cross parachute.

Key words: cross parachute, finite mass, deployment progress, wake recontact, fluid-structure interaction

中图分类号:

V211.3

侯夏伊, 胡俊, 于勇. 十字形伞有限质量充气展开及尾流再附现象[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(11): 3915-3925.

HOU Xiayi, HU Jun, YU Yong. Finite Mass Inflation and Wake Recontact Phenomenon of Cross Parachutes[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 3915-3925.

图/表 18

图1 十字形伞-载荷系统结构

Fig.1 Structure of cross parachute-load system

表1 十字形伞几何参数

Table 1 Geometrical parameters of cross parachute

参数	数值
长臂L/m	7.29
短臂W/m	2.28
伞衣面积S/m²	28.044
名义直径D₀/m	5.98
伞顶孔面积S_v/m²	0.015
伞绳长L_s/m	5.56
连接带长L_c/m	1

表2 降落伞材料属性

Table 2 Properties of parachute materials

降落伞部件	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	厚度/ m	截面直径/m²	杨氏模量/Pa	泊松比
伞衣	533	2.5×10^-4		4.309×10⁸	0.14
伞衣加强带	462		4.9×10^-6	9.7×10¹⁰
连接带	462		4.9×10^-6	9.7×10¹⁰
伞绳	462		4.9×10^-6	9.7×10¹⁰

图2 计算域网格模型

Fig.2 Mesh model of computational domain

表3 有限元模型

Table 3 Finite element model

伞部件	单元类型	材料类型	网格数量
伞衣	shell	fabric	6544
伞衣加强带	beam	cable discrete beam	2592
连接带	beam	cable discrete beam	4
伞绳	beam	cable discrete beam	140
载荷	solid	rigid	448
流场	solid	null	1459188

表4 十字形伞开伞载荷与实验值[15]对比

Table 4 Comparison of thedeployment load of cross parachute with the experimental value[15]

来流速度/ (m·s^-1)	实验最大载荷^[15]/N	数值模拟最大载荷/N	误差/ %
69.4	60730	58351	3.9
74.5	75458	68506	9.2

表5 数值模拟计算工况

Table 5 Conditions of numerical simulation

工况	M_r	m_s/kg	F_r	v₀/(m·s^-1)
1	0.17	43.1	6.8	20
2	0.17	43.1	109.2	80
3	0.17	43.1	383.9	150
4	0.32	81.1	6.8	20
5	0.32	81.1	27.3	40
6	0.32	81.1	61.4	60
7	0.32	81.1	109.2	80
8	0.32	81.1	170.6	100
9	0.32	81.1	383.9	150
10	0.48	121.7	6.8	20
11	0.48	121.7	109.2	80
12	0.48	121.7	383.9	150
13	0.62	157.2	6.8	20
14	0.62	157.2	109.2	80
15	0.62	157.2	383.9	150
16	0.94	243.1	6.8	20
17	0.94	243.1	383.9	150

图3 不同系统的无量纲开伞载荷

Fig.3 Dimensionless deployment loads of different systems

图4 不同系统的伞衣坍塌参数Rc

Fig.4 Canopy collapse parameters Rc of different systems

图5 十字形伞充气展开相图

Fig.5 Phase diagram of cross parachute deployment

图6 开伞力及阻力系数(Mr=0.94,Fr=383.9)

Fig.6 Deployment load and drag coefficient (Mr=0.94,Fr=383.9)

图7 伞衣投影直径(Mr=0.94,Fr=383.9)

Fig.7 Projected diameter of canopy (Mr=0.94,Fr=383.9)

图8 伞衣外形及von Mises应力(左)伞衣及流场无量纲速度云图(右)(Mr=0.94,Fr=383.9)

Fig.8 Shape and von Mises stress of canopy(left) and dimensionless velocity contours of canopy and flow field(right)(Mr=0.94,Fr=383.9)

图9 开伞力及阻力系数(Mr=0.32,Fr=383.9)

Fig.9 Deployment load and drag coefficient (Mr=0.32,Fr=383.9)

图10 伞衣投影直径(Mr=0.32,Fr=383.9)

Fig.10 Projected diameter of canopy(Mr=0.32,Fr=383.9)

图11 伞衣外形及von Mises应力(左)伞衣及流场无量纲速度云图(右)(Mr=0.32,Fr=383.9)

Fig.11 Shape and von Mises stress of canopy(left) and dimensionless velocity contours of canopy and flow field(right)(Mr=0.32,Fr=383.9)

图12 开伞力及阻力系数(Mr=0.17,Fr=383.9)

Fig.12 Deployment load and drag coefficient (Mr=0.17,Fr=383.9)

图13 伞衣外形及von Mises应力(左)伞衣及流场无量纲速度云图(右)(Mr=0.17,Fr=383.9)

Fig.13 Shape and von Mises stress of canopy(left)and dimensionless velocity contours of canopy and flow field(right)(Mr=0.17,Fr=383.9)

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