基于弹-靶参数匹配的侵彻多层目标引信载荷特性分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0162

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更准确地分析侵彻多层目标过程中引信的载荷特性,通过空腔膨胀理论和微分面元法分析不同侵彻多层目标工况下的弹-靶作用力特性,结合应力波波动方程分析弹-靶作用力在弹体内的传播特性及弹-引系统频响特性,综合两方面结果揭示侵彻速度与靶间距决定的弹-靶作用力基频、弹-引系统结构决定的频响特性二者之间的关系决定了引信的载荷特性。弹-引系统的有限元仿真及试验测试结果进一步证明,高速侵彻多层目标条件下引信的频响特征不是固定地集中在某一频率,当弹-引系统的某1阶轴向振动固有频率与弹-靶作用力基频的整数倍相近时,引信载荷频响特征将在该阶轴向振动固有频率附近出现明显的集中。侵彻多层目标过程中弹-靶参数对引信载荷特性的影响分析对引信起爆控制算法及防护设计具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 侵彻引信, 弹-靶参数, 引信载荷, 特性分析

Abstract:

To accurately analyze the load characteristics of fuze in the process of penetrating a multi-layer target, the characteristics of projectile-target forces under different working conditions of penetrating a multi-layer target are analyzed by cavity expansion theory and differential panel method. The propagation characteristics of projectile-target force in the projectile body and the frequency response characteristics of warhead-fuze system are analyzed based on the stress wave propagation equation. The two analyzed results show that the relationship between the fundamental frequency of projectile-target force determined by penetration speed and target spacing and the frequency response characteristics determined by the structure of warhead-fuze system determines the load characteristics of fuze. The finite element simulation and test results of warhead-fuze system further prove that the frequency response curve of fuze under the condition of high-speed penetration into multi-layer target is not fixedly concentrated at a certain frequency. When the natural frequency of a certain order of axial vibration of warhead-fuze system is close to the integral multiple of the fundamental frequency of projetile-target force, the frequency response curve of fuze load is obviously concentrated near the natural frequency of this order of axial vibration. The analysis of the influence of projectile-target parameters on the load characteristics of fuze in the process of penetrating a multi-layer target has important guiding significance for fuze initiation control algorithm and protection design.

Key words: penetrationfuze, parameters of projectile and target, fuze load, characteristics analysis

中图分类号:

TJ43

刘波, 程祥利, 杨荷, 赵慧, 吴学星, 刘涛. 基于弹-靶参数匹配的侵彻多层目标引信载荷特性分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(7): 2240-2250.

LIU Bo, CHENG Xiangli, YANG He, ZHAO Hui, WU Xuexing, LIU Tao. Analysis of Load Characteristics of Fuze during Penetrating a Multi-layer Target Based on the Matching Relation of Projectile and Target[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(7): 2240-2250.

图/表 22

图1 典型弹-引系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of typical warhead-fuze system

图2 弹-靶垂直侵彻作用模型

Fig.2 Normal penetration model

图3 弹-靶作用力时程曲线与幅频曲线(弹长2.0m、靶间距3m)

Fig.3 Time-history and mplitude frequency response curves of projetile-target force (the length is 2.0m, and the spacing is 3m)

图4 弹-靶作用力时程曲线与幅频曲线(弹长2.5m、靶间距3m)

Fig.4 Time history and frequency response curve of the force(the length is 2.5m, the spacing is 3m)

表1 弹体前3阶固有频率的解析计算结果

Table 1 Calculated results of the first three natural frequencies

序号	弹体长度/ m	1阶轴向振动频率/Hz	2阶轴向振动频率/Hz	3阶轴向振动频率/Hz
1	2.0	1 297	2 594	3 892
2	2.5	1 038	2 075	3 113

图5 引信位置加速度时程曲线与幅频曲线(弹长2.0m、靶间距3m)

Fig.5 Acceleration and frequency response curves of fuze location (the length is 2.0m, the spacing is 3m)

图6 引信位置加速度时程曲线与幅频曲线(弹长2.0m、靶间距2m)

Fig.6 Acceleration time-history and frequency response curves of fuze location (the length is 2.0m, the spacing is 2m)

表2 弹-靶作用力频率与弹体固有频率间的关系(弹长2.0m)

Table 2 Relationship between the projecile-target force’s fundamental frequency and the projectile body’s natural frequency (the projectile body length is 2.0m)

序号	弹体速度/ (m·s^-1)	靶间距/m	弹-靶作用力基频/ Hz	与1阶频率的关系	与2阶频率的关系	与3阶频率的关系
1	650	3	182	7.13	14.25	21.38
2	800	3	228	5.69	11.38	17.07
3	1000	3	282	4.60	9.20	13.80
4	650	2	272	4.77	9.54	14.31
5	800	2	333	3.89	7.79	11.69
6	1000	2	430	3.02	6.03	9.05

图7 引信位置加速度时程曲线与幅频曲线(弹长2.5m、靶间距3m)

Fig.7 Acceleration and frequency response curves of fuze location(the length is 2.5m, the spacing is 3m)

图8 引信位置加速度时程曲线与幅频曲线(弹长2.5m、靶间距2m)

Fig.8 Acceleration and frequency response curves of fuze location (the length is 2.5m, the spacing is 2m)

表3 弹-靶作用力频率与弹体固有频率间的关系(弹长2.5m)

Table 3 Relationship between the projecile-target force’s fundamental frequency and the projecile body’s natural frequency (the projecile length is 2.5m)

序号	弹体速度/ (m·s^-1)	靶间距/m	弹-靶作用力基频/ Hz	与1阶频率的关系	与2阶频率的关系	与3阶频率的关系
1	650	3	197	5.27	10.53	15.80
2	800	3	234	4.44	8.87	13.30
3	1 000	3	285	3.64	7.28	10.92
4	650	2	276	3.76	7.52	11.28
5	800	2	342	3.04	6.07	9.10
6	1 000	2	433	2.40	4.79	7.19

图9 弹-引系统几何模型

Fig.9 Geometric model of warhead-fuze system

表4 仿真模型材料参数

Table 4 Material parameters of simulation model

部件	密度ρ/(kg·m^-3)	弹性模量E/GPa	泊松比ν
弹壳	7 850	210	0.28
装药	1 680	26.2	0.41
压紧环	4 500	110	0.31

图10 弹-引系统前3阶振型

Fig.10 The first three modes of warhead-fuze system

图11 弹体侵彻5层钢筋混凝土目标有限元模型

Fig.11 Finite element model of penetrating five layers of concrete target

表5 各材料模型的主要参数

Table 5 Main parameters of material models

材料	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	强度/ MPa	泊松比	弹性模量/ GPa	剪切模量/ GPa
弹壳体	7.85	1 500	0.28	210	77.5
炸药	1.68	20.0	0.40	7.7	2.7
转接盘	4.50	1 100	0.34	110	41.0
引信	4.50	1 100	0.34	110	41.0
混凝土靶	2.44	48.0(抗压) 4.8(抗拉)			14.6

图12 引信与弹体的加速度时程及其幅频曲线(侵彻速度为650m/s)

Fig.12 Acceleration and frequency response curves of fuze and projectile (penetration velocity is 650m/s)

图13 引信与弹体加速度时程及其幅频曲线(侵彻速度为800m/s)

Fig.13 Acceleration and frequency response curves of fuze and projectile (penetration velocity is 800m/s)

表6 弹-靶作用力基频与各阶固有频率的关系

Table 6 Relationship between the projectile-targetforce’s fundamental frequency and the projectile body’s natural frequency

侵彻速度/ (m·s^-1)	弹-靶作用力基频/Hz	1阶固有频率 884.54/Hz	2阶固有频率 1790.6/Hz	3阶固有频率 2672.3/Hz
650	192.8	4.59	9.29	13.86
800	226.5	3.90	7.91	11.80

图14 5层靶标试验场景图

Fig.14 Test scenario diagram of five-layer targets

图15 引信内部实测加速度幅频曲线(侵彻速度为650m/s)

Fig.15 Frequency response curve of the measured acceleration of fuze (penetration velocity is 650m/s)

图16 引信内部实测加速度幅频曲线(侵彻速度为800m/s)

Fig.16 Frequency response curve of the measured acceleration of fuze (penetration velocity is 800m/s)

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