机场跑道内爆炸毁伤效应及工程化函数模型

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1220

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对反跑道弹药战斗部对机场跑道内爆毁伤效应评估的需求,为系统开展机场跑道在装药内爆载荷作用下的毁伤效应研究与构建工程函数模型,在量纲分析的基础上开展不同装药质量、不同装药埋深下的机场跑道内爆毁伤实验和数值仿真,探究装药量和装药埋深对机场跑道毁伤形态以及毁伤场参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:装药量一定时,有效毁伤半径R_ed随装药埋深的增加呈先增大、后减小的趋势;装药埋深一定时,毁伤效应参量随装药量的增加而增大;装药量和装药埋深的最适匹配可达到理想的毁伤效果。基于实验与数值仿真研究获得的弹坑形态和裂纹特征与跑道内爆炸作用机理分析,提出将毁伤模式和毁伤场特征参量相结合的评估方法来有效表征多层混凝土介质内爆毁伤效应,采用敞坑、隆起和隐坑3种毁伤模式来描述跑道的破坏形态,采用特征参量弹坑半径R_c、有效毁伤半径R_ed、最大爆腔半径R_ic,以及弹坑深度H定量描述跑道内爆毁伤场区域;结合大量仿真和实验数据拟合得到机场跑道内爆毁伤模式和毁伤场特征参量的工程化函数模型,可对机场跑道内爆毁伤效应进行快速预测。

关键词: 机场跑道内爆炸, 毁伤效应, 毁伤模式

Abstract:

To systematically investigate the damage effects of airfield runways subjected to charge implosion and construct an engineering function model, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted using dimension analytics to study the influence of charge quality and buried depth levels on damage modes and damage parameters of airfield runways. Results indicate that the effective damage radius (R_ed) initially increases and then decreases with an increase in buried depth of charge at a constant charge quantity. Conversely, damage parameters increase with an increasing charge quantity when the buried depth is constant, and an optimal matching of explosion energy and buried depth can achieve the ideal damage. Additionally, based on the analysis of the mechanism of implosion in the runways, an evaluation method which combines damage mode and damage parameters to effectively characterize the damage of implosion in airfield runways is proposed. Based on the crater pattern and cracks obtained from experiments and numerical simulations, there are three damage modes of the runways: open crater, heave crater, and camouflet. The crater radius R_c, effective damage radius R_ed, maximum internal cavity radius R_ic, and actual crater depth H are used as characteristic parameters to quantitatively describe the damage within the runways. An engineering model to predict the damage mode and damage parameters of implosion on airfield runways is also constructed based on a large number of simulations and experimental data, achieving rapid prediction of airfield runway implosion damage effects.

Key words: internal explosion of airfield runway, damage effect, damage mode

胡榕, 姜春兰, 卢广照, 王在成, 毛亮. 机场跑道内爆炸毁伤效应及工程化函数模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 929-939.

HU Rong, JIANG Chunlan, LU Guangzhao, WANG Zaicheng, MAO Liang. Damage Effects and Engineering Computational Model of Internal Explosion of Airfield Runway[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 929-939.

图/表 14

图1 靶标修筑及实验布置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of runway targets and test layout

图2 1/4计算模型

Fig.2 1/4 finite element model

表1 材料参数标定实验方案

Table 1 Experiments for material parameter calibration

实验方案	装药量/kg	装药埋深/cm
1	2	43
2	2	53
3	3	53

表2 混凝土材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of concrete

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ₀/(g·cm^-3)	2.525	E/GPa	20.68
Y/MPa	48	v	0.18
K_ic/(MPa·m^1/2)	2.74	k	0.1077
m	6	F_s	0.5
F_d	0.5

表3 参数标定实验与仿真毁伤效果对比

Table 3 Damage results obtained by experiments and simulations

实验方案	实验结果	仿真结果
1
2
3

图3 跑道内爆炸典型毁伤过程实验结果 (装药量4kg,装药埋深53cm)

Fig.3 Typical damage process of internal explosion of a runway (4kg TNT with 53cm buried depth)

图4 跑道内爆炸典型毁伤过程仿真结果 (装药量4kg,装药埋深53cm)

Fig.4 Typical damage process of implosion of runways in simulation (4kg TNT with 53cm buried depth)

表4 跑道内爆炸实验结果

Table 4 Results of runway internal explosion experiments

装药埋深/cm	装药量/kg
装药埋深/cm	2	3	4	5
43
53
63
73

图5 跑道内爆炸毁伤模式

Fig.5 Damage modes of the implosion of runways

图6 跑道内爆炸毁伤场特征参数

Fig.6 Damage parameters of the implosion of runways

表5 不同装药埋深下的毁伤参量及毁伤模式

Table 5 Damage parameters and damage modes with different buried depth levels of charges

装药量 w/kg	h/ cm	R_c/ cm	R_ed/ cm	R_ic/ cm	H/ cm	毁伤模式	数据来源
	43	84	84	86	96	敞坑	实验
	48	82	82	72	104	敞坑	仿真
	53	74	74	120	116	敞坑	实验
	58	72	76	118	116	敞坑	仿真
2	63	60	60	106	120	隆起	实验
	68	62	74	106	122	隆起	仿真
	73	10	10	100	128	隐坑	实验
	78	18	20	96	140	隐坑	仿真
	88	12	12	62	150	隐坑	仿真
	98	8	8	54	156	隐坑	仿真
	43	100	142	98	96	敞坑	实验
	48	100	130	98	110	敞坑	仿真
	53	136	164	140	108	敞坑	实验
	58	132	168	104	134	敞坑	仿真
3	63	158	168	150	126	敞坑	实验
	68	130	166	144	132	隆起	仿真
	73	105	156	135	138	隆起	实验
	78	98	94	122	150	隐坑	仿真
	88	50	50	114	150	隐坑	仿真
	98	40	40	96	160	隐坑	仿真
	43	136	164	140	124	敞坑	实验
	48	142	154	136	112	敞坑	仿真
	53	157	164	140	126	敞坑	实验
	58	140	168	142	132	敞坑	仿真
4	63	172	172	140	138	敞坑	实验
	68	172	186	138	146	隆起	仿真
	73	176	198	132	132	隆起	实验
	78	92	156	124	154	隆起	仿真
	88	64	64	122	158	隐坑	仿真
	98	42	42	116	160	隐坑	仿真
	43	150	130	94	124	敞坑	实验
	48	164	192	144	112	敞坑	仿真
	53	165	132	130	124	敞坑	实验
	58	168	202	128	128	敞坑	仿真
5	63	196	196	136	118	敞坑	实验
	68	172	206	142	146	敞坑	仿真
	73	170	238	150	122	隆起	实验
	78	130	162	136	158	隆起	仿真
	88	84	168	150	158	隆起	仿真
	98	68	68	152	164	隐坑	仿真

图7 面层混凝土应力 (装药量4kg,装药埋深53cm)

Fig.7 Simulation results of xy stress of topping concrete (4kg TNT with 53cm buried depth)

图8 不同装药量和装药埋深下的毁伤模式

Fig.8 Damage modes with different charge quantity and buried depth levels

图9 无量纲毁伤参数拟合曲线

Fig.9 Fitting curve of dimensionless damage field parameters

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