以碳纳米管为外加碳源爆轰合成聚晶金刚石

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0268

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究碳纳米管在爆轰过程中的变化机理,采用直接爆轰法,以碳纳米管为外加碳源进行合成实验,对爆轰产物进行化学提纯后得到提纯产物,通过X射线衍射技术对提纯产物进行表征,发现提纯产物为金刚石。借助透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对提纯产物形貌进行表征,通过深入分析,发现爆轰过程中碳纳米管以固-固原位相变的形式相变为金刚石,且同一个碳纳米管上会形成多个晶核同时生长形成晶体,相邻的晶体接触后形成晶界,停止生长并形成聚晶体。根据形成的金刚石晶体的周向、径向、轴向尺寸的不同,以及形成聚晶体中晶体的数量与位置的不同,可以得到管状、片状、块状等形状各异的聚晶金刚石颗粒。

关键词: 碳纳米管, 聚晶金刚石, 直接爆轰法, 多核生长

Abstract:

To study the phase transformation mechanism of carbon nanotubes during detonation, synthesis experiments were carried out using direct detonation method with carbon nanotubes as the additional carbon source. The detonation product was chemically purified. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the purified product, and it was found that the product consisted of diamond. The purified product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and after in-depth analysis, it was found that the carbon nanotubes transformed into diamond through solid in situ phase change during the detonation process. Multiple cores were observed on a carbon nanotube to form crystals at the same time. When adjacent crystals came into contact, crystal boundaries were formed, limiting growth in specific directions to form polycrystals. Depending on the circumferential, radial and axial dimensions of the formed diamond crystals, as well as the number and position of the crystals in the formed polycrystals, polycrystalline diamond particles of different shapes such as tubes, flakes, and blocks were obtained.

Key words: carbon nanotubes, polycrystalline diamond, direct detonation method, multi-core growth

商士远, 仝毅, 王志超, 黄风雷. 以碳纳米管为外加碳源爆轰合成聚晶金刚石[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 1993-2001.

SHANG Shiyuan, TONG Yi, WANG Zhichao, HUANG Fenglei. Synthesis of Polycrystalline Diamond from Carbon Nanotubes Using Direct Detonation Method[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1993-2001.

图/表 18

图1 碳纳米管1对应的XRD图谱

Fig.1 XRD pattern of carbon nanotube 1

图2 碳纳米管2对应的XRD图谱

Fig.2 XRD pattern of carbon nanotube 2

图3 碳纳米管1对应TEM图像

Fig.3 TEM image of carbon nanotube 1

图4 碳纳米管2对应SEM图像

Fig.4 SEM images of carbon nanotube 2

表1 爆轰合成实验方案

Table1 Detonation synthesis experiment scheme

编号	外加碳源 (16%)	药柱直径/mm	药柱密度/ (g·cm^-3)	碳源质量/g	RDX 质量/g
1	碳纳米管1	30	1.12	21.89	114.91
2	碳纳米管2	30	1.15	21.89	114.91

表2 爆轰合成实验结果

Table 2 Results of the detonation synthesis experiment

编号	爆轰灰质量/g	爆轰灰与碳源质量之比/%	爆轰灰提纯得率/%	提纯产物与药柱质量之比/%	提纯产物与碳源质量之比/%
1	31.69	144.77	1.52	0.35	2.20
2	22.91	104.66	2.31	0.39	2.41

图5 第1组爆轰灰提纯产物对应XRD图谱

Fig.5 XRD pattern of the 1st group of detonation soot purification products

图6 第2组爆轰灰提纯产物对应XRD图谱

Fig.6 XRD pattern of the 2nd group of detonation soot purification products

表3 对照组实验方案

Table 3 Experimental scheme of control groups

编号	外加碳源 (16%)	药柱直径/mm	药柱密度/ (g·cm^-3)	碳源质量/g	钝感RDX 质量/g
3	无	50	1.5	0	706.86
4	石墨	50	1.48	74.72	392.26

表4 对照组实验结果

Table 4 Experimental results of control groups

编号	爆轰灰质量/g	爆轰灰与碳源质量之比/%	爆轰灰提纯得率/%	提纯产物与药柱质量之比/%	提纯产物与碳源质量之比/%
3	67.97		8.61	0.83
4	110.10	147.36	10.57	2.49	15.57

图7 第3组爆轰灰提纯产物对应XRD图谱

Fig.7 XRD pattern of the 3rd group of detonation soot purification products

图8 第4组爆轰灰提纯产物对应XRD图谱

Fig.8 XRD pattern of the 4th group of detonation soot purification products

图9 第3组爆轰灰提纯产物对应SEM图像

Fig.9 SEM images of the 3rd group of detonation soot purification products

图10 第1组爆轰灰提纯产物对应SEM图像

Fig.10 SEM images of the 1st group of detonation soot purification products

图11 第2组爆轰灰提纯产物对应SEM图像

Fig.11 SEM images of the 2rd group of detonation soot purification products

图12 第4组爆轰灰提纯产物对应SEM图像

Fig.12 SEM images of the 4th group of detonation soot purification products

图13 碳纳米管部分转变为金刚石的示意图(阴影部分表示金刚石结构)

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of partial transformation of carbon nanotube into diamond (shaded parts indicate the diamond structure)

图14 碳纳米管转变为管状金刚石的示意图(阴影部分表示金刚石结构)

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of carbon nanotubes transform into tubular diamonds (shaded parts indicate the diamond structure)

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