焊丝成分对高氮钢CMT+P焊工艺性的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0799

兵工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 792-798.doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0799

焊丝成分对高氮钢CMT+P焊工艺性的影响

张建¹(), 李涛¹(), 林红霞²(), 杨东青¹^,²(), 方辉¹(), 范霁康¹(), 王克鸿¹()

¹ 南京理工大学受控电弧智能增材技术工业和信息化部重点实验室，江苏南京 210094
² 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司广东省舰船先进焊接技术企业重点实验室，广东广州 510715

收稿日期:2021-11-25 上线日期:2022-06-16
作者简介:
张建(1997—)，男，博士研究生，研究方向为高氮钢焊接。E-mail:2420256680@qq.com；
李涛(1998—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为316L不锈钢电弧焊接。E-mail:984035604@qq.com；
林红霞(1979—)，女，大学专科，研究方向为船舶焊接。E-mail:1472727978@qq.com；
方辉(1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为高氮钢电弧焊接中的熔滴过渡控制。E-mail:2953570992@qq.com；
范霁康(1988—)，男，副研究员，硕士生导师，博士，研究方向为高能束流焊接技术。E-mail:fanjk@njust.edu.cn；
王克鸿(1963—)，男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为异种材料焊接机理与新方法。E-mail:wkh1602@126.com
基金资助:
中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M682930); 国家自然科学基金项目(52105367); 江苏省博士后资助计划项目(2021K591C)

Effect of Welding Wire Composition on Welding Usability of High Nitrogen Steel Using Cold Metal Transfer Plus Pulse Welding Method

ZHANG Jian¹(), LI Tao¹(), LIN Hongxia²(), YANG Dongqing¹^,²(), FANG Hui¹(), FAN Jikang¹(), WANG Kehong¹()

¹ Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
² Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Technology for Ships, CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangzhou 510715, Guangdong, China

Received:2021-11-25 Online:2022-06-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升高氮钢焊接质量和优化焊接工艺，研究焊丝氮、锰含量带来的焊接工艺稳定性。采用冷金属过渡加脉冲(Cold Metal Transfer plus Pulse, CMT+P)焊技术对5种高氮钢焊丝进行焊接试验，研究焊丝成分对电信号、熔滴过渡、飞溅率的影响。研究结果表明：氮含量的增加会引起电信号波动变大且分布离散，而锰含量的变化对电信号的影响较小，焊丝中氮含量对高氮钢CMT+P焊接稳定性影响大于锰含量的影响；随着氮含量的增加，熔滴过渡模式由一脉一滴转变为多脉一滴，熔滴形状不规律且尺寸变大，焊丝工艺性变差；当焊丝中氮、锰含量较小，分别为0.42%、7.19%时，焊接工艺稳定性较好；氮逸出、锰蒸发导致高氮钢熔滴剧烈爆炸产生大量飞溅，焊接飞溅率随着氮、锰含量的增加而不断增大。

关键词: 高氮钢, 熔滴过渡, 飞溅, 冷金属过渡加脉冲

Abstract:

To improve the welding quality of high nitrogen steel and optimize the welding process, the welding stability caused by nitrogen and manganese content was studied. Welding experiments were performed using five different welding wires made of high nitrogen steel by the Cold Metal Transfer plus Pulse welding method to investigate the effect of welding wire composition on electrical signal, droplet transfer, spatter rate. The results showed that: the increase of nitrogen content caused the fluctuation and discrete distribution of electrical signals, while the change in manganese content had less effect on electrical signals: the effect of nitrogen content in welding wire on welding stability using the CMT+P welding method was greater than that of manganese content; the mode of droplet transfer changed from one droplet per pulse to one droplet per multiple pulses as the nitrogen content increased, and the melting droplets becames irregular in shape and larger, meaning the welding usability of wires was worse; when the nitrogen and manganese contents in the welding wire was small, namely 0.42% and 7.19%, respectively, the welding process stability was better; the rapid escape of nitrogen and the evaporation of manganese caused high-nitrogen steel droplets to explode violently, producing a large amount of spatter; the welding spatter rate increased with the increasing nitrogen and manganese contents.

Key words: high nitrogen steel, droplet transfer, spatter, cold metal transfer plus pulse

张建, 李涛, 林红霞, 杨东青, 方辉, 范霁康, 王克鸿. 焊丝成分对高氮钢CMT+P焊工艺性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3): 792-798.

ZHANG Jian, LI Tao, LIN Hongxia, YANG Dongqing, FANG Hui, FAN Jikang, WANG Kehong. Effect of Welding Wire Composition on Welding Usability of High Nitrogen Steel Using Cold Metal Transfer Plus Pulse Welding Method[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3): 792-798.

图/表 6

表1 试验工艺参数

Table1 Process parameters of CMT+P test

送丝速度 WFS/(m·min^-1)	焊接速度 WS/(mm·s^-1)	保护气	保护气流量 q/(L·min^-1)
5	5	93.5%Ar+1.5%O₂+5%N₂	25

表2 5种焊丝的化学成分

Table 2 Chemical composition of the five welding wires wt %

焊丝序号	C	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	N	P	S	Fe
焊丝①	0.031	7.19	21.49	5.32	2.36	0.42	0.01	0.008	Bal.
焊丝②	0.027	6.85	21.03	5.37	2.38	0.58	0.011	0.010	Bal.
焊丝③	0.066	16.79	21.66	2.18	1.25	0.57	0.018	0.008	Bal.
焊丝④	0.071	16.95	21.59	2.32	1.21	0.79	0.019	0.008	Bal.
焊丝⑤	0.028	17.86	22.7	2.08	1.19	0.99	0.015	0.01	Bal.

图1 不同焊丝成分的U-I相图

Fig. 1 U-I diagram of different welding wire compositions

图2 电参数与熔滴过渡图像

Fig. 2 Electrical signal waveform vs droplet transfer

图3 不同焊丝脉冲阶段的熔滴过渡(相邻图像时间间隔1 ms)

Fig. 3 Droplet transfer of different welding wires at pulse stages (T=1 ms)

图4 不同焊丝飞溅率

Fig. 4 Spatter Rate of different welding wires

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焊丝成分对高氮钢CMT+P焊工艺性的影响

Effect of Welding Wire Composition on Welding Usability of High Nitrogen Steel Using Cold Metal Transfer Plus Pulse Welding Method

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