浅海中Scholte波的Airy相研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0605

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究Scholte波Airy相的形成机理,理清其特征及变化规律,基于浅海半无限弹性海底声场模型,推导求解脉冲声源激发Scholte波的波场表达式。利用高阶交错网格有限差分算法对脉冲声源激发Scholte波进行数值仿真,得到Airy波幅值与传播距离之间的关系。理论研究结果表明:Scholte波因频散会使其群速度出现一个极小值,导致脉冲信号在传播过程中出现Airy波,其振幅与r^-5^/⁶(r为传播距离)呈正比。开展湖上气枪声源激发Scholte波试验,利用滑动窗分析法对试验数据展开分析。试验结果表明:12Hz以下频段明显存在频散现象,频率高于12Hz后,随着频率的增加群速度基本保持不变,同时群速度随频率的增加呈先减小后增大的变化规律,再现并印证了理论研究中Scholte波群速度的频散关系。

关键词: Scholte波, Airy相, 频散特性, 滑动窗, 群速度

Abstract:

The formation mechanism of Airy phase of Scholte wave is studied to clarify its characteristics and variation laws.The wave field expression of Scholte wave excited by pulse sound source are derived based on the shallow water semi-infinite elastic seabed sound field model.The high-order staggered grid finite difference algorithm is used to simulate the Scholte wave excited by the pulse sound source.The relationship between the amplitude of Airy wave and the propagation distance was obtained through simulation.The results show that the frequency dispersion of Scholte wave can cause a minimum group velocity,leading to the appearance of Airy wave during the propagation of the pulse signal,with an amplitude being proportional tor^-5^/⁶.A Scholte wave experiment excited by an airgun sound source on the lake is made,and the moving window analysis method is used to analyze the experiment data.The analyzed results show that there is obvious frequency dispersion phenomenon in the frequency band below 12Hz.When the frequency is higher than 12Hz,the group velocity remaines basically unchanged with the increase in frequency.At the same time,the group velocity showes a first decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase in frequency,reproducing and confirming the dispersion relationship of Scholte wave group velocity in theoretical research.

Key words: Scholte wave, Airy phase, dispersion characteristics, moving window, group velocity

中图分类号:

罗夏云, 陈新宁, 刘宝. 浅海中Scholte波的Airy相研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(8): 240605-.

LUO Xiayun, CHEN Xinning, LIU Bao. Study on Airy Phase of Scholte Wave in Shallow Water[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240605-.

图/表 14

图1 半无限弹性基底声场模型

Fig.1 Semi-infinite elastic model of underwater sound field

图2 Scholte波群速度与频率之间的关系

Fig.2 The relationship between group velocity and frequency of Scholte wave

表1 介质类型及参数

Table 1 Media types and parameters

介质	纵波速度/(m·s^-1)	横波速度/(m·s^-1)	密度/(g·cm^-3)
海水	1000	0	1.0
硬海底	3500	1800	2.3

图3 发射声压信号的时间波形

Fig.3 Time waveform of emitting acoustic pressure signal

图4 含第1个子脉冲的声压谱级

Fig.4 Sound pressure spectrum level with the first pulse

图5 Scholte波和Airy波垂向正应力信号

Fig.5 Vertical normal stress signals of Scholte wave and Airy wave

图6 Airy波垂向正应力

Fig.6 Vertical normal stress of Airy wave

图7 Scholte波的相速度和群速度

Fig.7 Phase velocity and group velocity of Scholte wave

图8 海底分界面上12个空间位置上的Airy波垂向正应力

Fig.8 Vertical normal stresses of Airy wave at twelve spatial locations on the seabed interface

图9 Airy波垂向正应力的传播损失

Fig.9 Propagation loss curve of Airy wave vertical normal stress

图10 6个阵元接收的时域信号

Fig.10 Time domain signal received by six array elements

图11 阵元2接收的时域信号

Fig.11 Time-domain signal received by array element 2

图12 海底地震波信号的时频图

Fig.12 Spectrogram of underwater seismic wave signals

图13 气枪试验信号的Scholte波群速度频散

Fig.13 Group velocity dispersion curve of Scholte wave of airgun test signal

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