柱形弹超高速撞击加筋板架结构的破片群特征分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0812

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前针对舰船加筋板架结构的超高速撞击问题,研究工作更侧重于残余弹体信息和靶板破口特征,缺乏对弹靶撞击后破片群的形成过程和分布特征的研究。基于有限元-光滑粒子自适应耦合方法,加入Johnson-Cook失效判据和最大拉应变失效判据,数值模拟柱形弹撞击加筋板架结构时破片群的形成过程。模拟结果表明:柱形弹撞击加筋板架结构时,受到加强筋影响,会形成特殊“双马鞍形”的破片群形貌,破片群的主体部分集中在前端,由内部的风险破片和外围的微小破片组成,且破片分布与实验结果吻合较好。依据破片分布特征将撞击过程分为3个阶段,详细讨论不同阶段破片的形成方式和扩展过程。改变柱形弹的撞击位置,给出不同加筋形式下的破片群形貌特征。针对破片群中的风险破片,探究其质量和动能等特征参数,并讨论不同撞击点的影响程度,可用于评估对后板的威胁程度。分析结果表明:在不同撞击点背面的加强筋影响下,破片朝向特定区域集中,形成“双马鞍形”和“马鞍形”形貌,且风险破片的产生主要受主筋影响。

关键词: 超高速碰撞, 破片群, 有限元-光滑粒子自适应耦合方法, 风险破片

Abstract:

Regarding the issue of hypervelocity impact on ship-stiffened plate structures,the research has predominantly focused on the information about residual projectile and the characteristics of target plate breaches,while there has been a lack of research on the formation and distribution of fragment cloud.In this study,the finite element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) adaptive method,incorporating the Johnson-Cook failure criteria and the maximum tensile strain failure criteria is used to simulate the formation of the fragment cloud produced by cylinder projectile impacting a stiffened plate.Simulated results indicate that the cylindrical projectile forms a fragment cloud with double-saddle shape due to the influence of stiffeners during the impact process,and the main part of the fragment cloud is concentrated at the front end,including hazardous fragments on the inside and small fragments on the outside.Moreover,the distribution of fragments is consistent with the experimental result.The impact process is divided into three stages based on the cbharacteristics of fragment distribution,and the formation and propagation of fragments at each stage are discussed.The topographic characteristics of fragment cloud under various stiffener configurations are presented by varying the impact location of cylindrical projectile.Finally,the characteristic parameters,such as mass and kinetic energy,of the hazardous fragments in the fragment cloud are studied,and the degrees of influence of different impact locations are discussed,which is used to assess the damage ability of hazardous fragments to the rear plate.The analyzed results show that the fragments concentrate towards specific areas to form double-saddle shape and saddle shape due to the influence of the stiffeners.The generation of hazardous fragments is primarily influenced by the main stiffener.

Key words: hypervelocity impact, fragment cloud, finite element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics adaptive method, hazardous fragment

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

倪蓥锋, 陈小伟. 柱形弹超高速撞击加筋板架结构的破片群特征分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240812-.

NI Yingfeng, CHEN Xiaowei. Characteristics of Fragment Cloud Produced by Hypervelocity Impact of Cylindrical Projectile on Stiffened Plate[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240812-.

图/表 20

表1 数值模型参数[21]

Table 1 The parameters of simulation model[21]

弹丸直径/ mm	弹丸长度/ mm	弹丸材料	靶板厚度/ mm	靶板材料	主筋/副筋高度/mm
8.5	8.5	93W	3.5	Q345	40/20

图1 柱形弹撞击加筋板架结构数值模型

Fig.1 Simulation model of cylindrical projectile impacting a stiffened plate

表2 J-C模型和状态方程材料参数[19,21]

Table 2 The parameters of Johnson-Cook model and Grüneisen EOS[19,21]

模型	参数	符号	93W	Q345
J-C 模型参数	密度/(kg·m^-3)	ρ₀	17600	7830
	泊松比	PR	0.3	0.29
	剪切模量/GPa	E	137	77
	静态屈服极限/MPa	A	600.8	374
	应变硬化模量/MPa	B	1200	795.7
	应变硬化指数	n	0.4944	0.4545
	应变率系数	c	0.059	0.01586
	热软化系数	m	0.8203	0.8856
	熔化温度/K	Tm	3683	1795
	Spall type	SPALL	3	3
	失效参数	D₁	0.16	0.05
	失效参数	D₂	3.13	3.44
	失效参数	D₃	-2.04	-2.12
	失效参数	D₄	0.007	0.003
	失效参数	D₅	0.37	0.61
Mie-Gruneisen 状态方程	初始声速/(m·s^-1)	C₀	4029	4569
	常数	S₁	1.237	1.33
	常数	S₂-S₃	0	0
	常数	γ₀	1.54	1.67
	常数	ɑ	0	0

图2 不同方法数值模拟破片群形貌与实验结果对比(t=33.4μs)

Fig.2 Comparison of fragment morphologies simulated by different methods and the experimental results (t=33.4μs)

图3 “尖端”现象对比图(t=6.67μs)

Fig.3 Comparison of tapered tips (t=6.67μs)

图4 不同时刻破片群侧视图

Fig.4 Side views of fragment cloud at different times

表3 不同时刻的破片参数

Table 3 The parameters of fragment at different times

时间/μs	“尖端” 头部速度/ (km·s^-1)	“尖端” 尾部速度/ (km·s^-1)	残弹头部轴向速度/ (km·s^-1)	“尖端” 轴向距离/ cm
10	3.48	2.55	2.89	1.25
20	3.48	2.66	2.89	1.84
30	3.48	2.73	2.88	2.44
40	3.48	2.78	2.88	3.04
50	3.48	2.80	2.88	3.63

表4 残余弹长和破片群参数数值模拟与实验[19]对比

Table 4 Comparison of simulated and experimental results of residual projectile length and fragments parameters[19]

工况	弹体剩余长度/ mm			残弹破片群轴向速度/(m·s^-1)			破片群横向扩展速度/(m·s^-1)
工况	实验值	计算值	误差/ %	实验值	计算值	误差/ %	实验值	计算值	误差/ %
实验1	11.39	11.15	2.11	2953	2897	1.89	738	769	4.20
实验2	18.90	18.62	1.48	2457	2471	0.57	482	524	8.71

图5 单元尺寸对破片数量和风险破片数量的影响

Fig.5 Effects of different mesh sizes on the number of general fragments and hazardous fragments

图6 数值模拟与实验结果[21]对比

Fig.6 Comparison of numerically simulated and experimental results[21]

图7 破片群形成过程

Fig.7 The formation of fragment cloud

图8 不同阶段不同时刻的弹体破碎情况

Fig.8 The information of residual projectile at different stages and times

图9 破片群结构形貌和破片细节图(t=40μs)

Fig.9 The morphology of fragment cloud and the detail of fragments(t=40μs)

图10 不同倾角下的破片群形貌

Fig.10 The morphologies of fragment cloud at different angles

表5 不同倾角的残弹参数

Table 5 Residual projectile parameters at different angles

参数	弹体倾角/(°)
参数	0	5	10	15	20
残余弹体速度/(m·s^-1)	2557	2557	2554	2551	2545
残余弹体长度/cm	5.52	5.50	5.47	5.42	5.38

图11 不同撞击位置

Fig.11 Different impact positions

图12 不同撞击位置破片群形貌对比

Fig.12 The comparison of fragment cloud morphologies at different impact positions

表6 不同工况下风险破片和残余弹体参数对比

Table 6 Comparison of hazardous fragments and residual projectile parameters under different operating conditions

工况	风险破片数量	残弹长度/ cm	残弹质量/ g	残弹速度/ (m·s^-1)
主副筋中心	629	5.52	46.86	2555
单主筋处	694	5.57	47.28	2557
单副筋处	410	6.79	57.64	2573
未加筋处	245	7.33	62.22	2592

图13 不同工况的风险破片质量分布特征

Fig.13 The distribution characteristics of hazardous fragment mass under different operating conditions

表7 不同工况下初始能量、弹靶风险碎片能量汇总

Table 7 The summary of initial energy and hazardous fragment energy under different operating conditions

工况	初始能量/ kJ	弹体风险破片能量/kJ	靶板风险破片能量/kJ	残余弹体能量/kJ
主副筋中心	243.89	13.22	1.53	158.38
单主筋处	243.89	12.13	0.83	159.81
单副筋处	243.89	6.46	0.40	194.82
未加筋处	243.89	4.38	0.24	210.32

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