基于碎片尺寸分布的活性材料冲击释能计算

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0545

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对活性材料的动态破碎特性及其对冲击释能行为的影响,以Al/Ti与Al/Ti/W两种活性材料为研究对象,开展活性材料的动态破碎软回收试验,获得不同撞击速度下材料的碎片尺寸分布特征,同时开展活性材料的冲击引发释能测试。对两种材料的冲击释能压力特征与反应过程进行分析,结合以上研究工作,提出一种基于材料破碎特性和反应尺寸阈值的冲击释能压力计算方法。研究结果表明:活性材料的破碎特性是影响其冲击释能行为的关键,Al/Ti与Al/Ti/W两种材料在冲击破碎后形成的细小碎片尺寸累积分布可用Logistic分布函数描述,材料在反应室内的冲击反应过程可分为一次反应与二次反应阶段;所提出的释能压力计算方法在计算一次反应阶段释能压力峰时,计算误差小于15%。

关键词: Al/Ti基活性材料, 冲击破碎, 碎片分布, 释能计算, 二次反应

Abstract:

Aiming at the dynamic fragmentation characteristics of reactive material and its effect on the impact energy release behavior,two types of reactive materials,Al/Ti and Al/Ti/W,are selected as the research subjects.Dynamic fragment soft-recovery test is conducted to obtain the fragment size distribution characteristics of reactive material at different impact velocities.Additionally,the impact-induced energy release test is performed to analyze the impact pressure characteristics and reaction processes of Al/Ti and Al/Ti/W.Based on these investigations,a calculation method for impact pressure,which considers material fragmentation characteristics and the critical size of the reaction,is proposed.The results indicate that the fragmentation characteristics of reactive material are crucial in influencing its impact energy release behavior.The cumulative size distribution of fine fragments formed after the impact fragmentations of both Al/Ti and Al/Ti/W materials can be described using a Logistic distribution function.The impact reaction process of reactive material in a reaction chamber can be divided into primary and secondary reaction stages.The calculation error of the proposed calculation method is less than 15% when calculating the quasi-static pressure during the primary reaction stage.

Key words: Al/Ti-based reactive material, impact fragmentation, fragment distribution, energy release calculation, secondary reaction

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

周捷, 赵旭峰, 皮爱国. 基于碎片尺寸分布的活性材料冲击释能计算[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240545-.

ZHOU Jie, ZHAO Xufeng, PI Aiguo. Calculation of Impact Energy Release Based on Fragment Size Distribution for Reactive Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240545-.

图/表 21

图1 烧结完成的活性材料试样

Fig.1 Sintered reactive material samples

表1 活性材料试样基本参数

Table 1 Basic parameters of reactive material samples

试样类型	平均质量/g	理论密度 /(g·cm^-3)	实际密度 /(g·cm^-3)
Al/Ti	2.73	4.03	3.48
Al/Ti/W	5.11	6.88	6.51

图2 原材料(左)与活性试样(右)的微观形貌

Fig.2 Micrographs of raw materials (left)and reactive material samples (right)

图3 软回收试验布置示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of soft-recovery experimental layout

图4 软回收箱内部结构示意图与实物照片

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the soft-recovery chamber and its photograph

图5 冲击反应室内部结构示意图与实物照片

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the test chamber and its photograph

表2 典型回收试样残骸照片

Table 2 Typical photographs of recovered fragments

试样材料	速度/ (m·s^-1)	大碎片	中等碎片	小碎片	细小碎片
Al/Ti	662
Al/Ti/W	633

图6 不同撞击速度下材料试样碎片残骸的回收质量

Fig.6 Recovered fragment masses of the samples at different impact velocities

图7 各类碎片数量的回收统计结果

Fig.7 Statistical results of the recovered fragments with different sizes

图8 细小碎片的尺寸概率密度分布特征

Fig.8 Normalized probability density distributions of fine fragments

图9 试样回收率与撞击速度的拟合关系

Fig.9 The fitting results of recovery rate and impact velocity

图10 细小碎片质量占比与撞击速度的拟合关系

Fig.10 The fitting results of mass fraction and impact velocitie of fine fragments

图11 细小碎片的尺寸累积分布特征

Fig.11 Normalized cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of fine fragment

图12 不同撞击速度下反应室内的准静压变化曲线

Fig.12 Quasi-static pressure traces inside the reaction chamber at different impact velocities

图13 991m/s速度下Al/Ti活性材料的撞击反应过程

Fig.13 The impact reaction process of Al/Ti reactive materials at 991m/s

图14 1022m/s速度下Al/Ti/W活性材料的撞击反应过程

Fig.14 The impact reaction process of Al/Ti/W reactive materials at 1022m/s

图15 活性材料试样的冲击破碎与释能反应过程

Fig.15 The processes of impact fragmentation and energy release reaction of reactive materials

图16 反应剩余物的XRD分析结果

Fig.16 XRD patterns of the reaction residues

图17 活性材料冲击反应释能压力计算模型原理

Fig.17 Schematic representation of the pressure calculation model for the impact-induced energy release of reactive materials

图18 Al/Ti类活性材料冲击反应残骸碎片的微观形貌

Fig.18 Micromorphology of debris from the impact of Al/Ti reactive materials

图19 模型计算结果与实际压力测量结果对比

Fig.19 Comparation of the calculated results and the measured results

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