侵彻弹引系统非线性动力学模型及响应特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为准确揭示和描述弹体-引信系统(简称弹引系统)在侵彻典型目标过程中引信内部核心器件的过载环境及动态响应,基于空腔膨胀理论获得侵彻过程的弹靶相互作用,分析应力波在战斗部壳体内的传播效应,引入弹引螺纹连接的载荷传递特性及缓冲材料的非线性响应模式,构建高速侵彻下弹引系统的非线性动力学响应模型,通过理论及实验方法确定模型参数,结合有限元数值仿真研究分析弹引系统的动态响应特性及弹靶参数对过载信号的影响机理和规律。研究结果表明:所建立的非线性动力学响应模型在时-频域特征上与数值仿真结果吻合良好,可更准确地描述高速侵彻下弹引系统的过载传递特性及引信内部器件的真实动力学响应,其响应模式主要为刚性过载和高频结构振动的耦合叠加,螺纹连接会进一步放大过载信号,聚氨酯材料在侵彻冲击环境下体现出一定的吸能滤波作用;弹引系统侵彻多层间隔目标相较于单一半无限目标时的过载信号更为复杂剧烈,弹靶参数决定了弹靶相互作用的频率特性,当侵彻多层间隔目标的弹靶作用频率的整数倍与弹引系统固有频率更接近时,加速度过载会出现峰值显著增大、振荡加剧及信号严重粘连等现象;研究成果为快速有效预测不同弹目特性下引信内部关键模块的真实响应和过载特性、评估其安全性及可靠性提供了技术参考。

关键词: 弹引系统, 波动, 振动, 非线性动力学模型, 时频域特性

Abstract:

In order to accurately reveal and describe the overload environment and dynamic response of the core components inside the fuze of projectile-fuze system in the process of penetrating into typical targets,the interaction between projectile and target during penetrating are obtained based on the cavity expansion theory,and the propagation effects of stress waves inside the warhead are analyzed.The load transfer characteristics of threaded connection between warhead and fuze and the nonlinear response mode of a cushioning material are introduced.A nonlinear dynamic response model of projectile-fuze system under high-speed penetration is constructed,and the model parameters are determined by using the theoretical and experimental methods.The dynamic response characteristics of projectile-fuze system and the influence mechanisms and regularity of projectile and target parameters on overload signals are researched through finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that the time-frequency domain characteristics of the proposed nonlinear dynamic response model consistent with the numerically simulated results well,which can more accurately describe the overload transfer characteristics of projectile-fuze system and the real dynamic responses of internal components under high speed penetration.The response mode is mainly the coupling superposition of rigid overload and high frequency structural vibration,the threaded connection amplifies the overload signal,and the polyurethane material exhibits a certain energy absorption and filtering effect in the penetration and impact environment.The overload signals of the projectile-fuze system penetrating a multi-layered target are more complex and intense those when penetrating a single semi-infinite target.The frequency characteristics of interaction between projectile and target are determined by projectile and target parameters.When the frequency of interaction between warhead and target in penetrating multiple layers of spaced targets is closer to the integer multiples of inherent frequency of projectile-fuze system,the acceleration overload exhibit the phenomenon of significantly increased peak,intensified oscillation,and severe signal adhesion.The research results provide the technical references for rapidly and effectively predicting the real response and overload characteristics of critical modules inside the fuze under the conditions of different projectile and target characteristics and evaluating its safety and reliability,and the integrated design and optimization of projectile and fuze.

Key words: projectile-fuze system, wave motion, vibration, nonlinear dynamic model, time-frequency domain characteristics

中图分类号:

O385
TJ43

郑卓扬, 董恒, 武海军, 贾桐庆, 杨冠侠, 黄风雷. 侵彻弹引系统非线性动力学模型及响应特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(4): 240097-.

ZHENG Zhuoyang, DONG Heng, WU Haijun, JIA Tongqing, YANG Guanxia, HUANG Fenglei. Nonlinear Dynamic Model and Response Characteristics of Penetration Projectile-fuze System[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240097-.

图/表 25

图1 典型侵彻弹引系统结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of penetration projectile-fuze system

图2 弹引系统过载传递关系

Fig.2 Overload transfer relationship of projectile-fuze system

图3 引信结构等效动力学模型

Fig.3 Equivalent dynamic model of fuze structure

图4 弹引系统动力学响应模型

Fig.4 Dynamic response model of projectile-fuze system

表1 聚氨酯材料物理特性[18]

Table 1 Physical characteristics of polyurethane material[18]

邵氏硬度/HA	密度/(g·cm^-3)	弹性模量/MPa
85	0.944	18.89

图5 聚氨酯材料霍普金森动态压缩实验

Fig.5 SHPB dynamic compression test of polyurethane material

图6 不同应变率下聚氨酯材料应力-应变关系

Fig.6 Stress-strain relationship of polyurethane in different strain rates

表2 聚氨酯动力学模型参数

Table 2 Dynamics model parameters of polyurethane

α/(N·m^-1)	β/(N·m^-1)	γ	d_e	g_∞	τ/s
8416570.60	1873.84	118.50	4.36	0.52	3.39×10^-4

图7 弹引系统几何结构示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of geometry structure of projectile-fuze system

图8 侵彻多层间隔靶阻力

Fig.8 Resistance of penetrating a multi-layer spaced target

图9 弹引系统有限元模型

Fig.9 Finite element model of projectile-fuze system

图10 混凝土靶板有限元模型

Fig.10 Finite element model of concrete target

表3 聚氨酯材料模型主要参数

Table 3 Main parameters of polyurethane model

密度/ (g·cm^-3)	线性体积模量 /GPa	阻尼系数	剪切模量/ GPa	极限应力/ GPa
0.9443	4	0.1	0.04	1×10^-4

表4 各材料模型主要参数

Table 4 Main parameters of material models

部件名称	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	弹性/剪切模量/GPa	泊松比
战斗部壳体	7.80	215.00	0.284
引信壳体	7.83	210.00	0.320
螺纹连接	7.80	3.26	0.284
PCB板	2.13	209.00	0.300
电子模块	1.30	110.00	0.340
传感器	2.70	56.20	0.330
模拟装药	1.70	5.00	0.320
混凝土靶板	2.18	12.70

图11 弹引系统各部件加速度时程曲线

Fig.11 Acceleration-time curves of of projectile-fuze system components

图12 特征点选取示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of feature point selection

图13 弹引系统加速度信号功率谱密度

Fig.13 Power spectral density of acceleration signal of projectile-fuze system

图14 侵彻半无限混凝土靶的弹靶阻力

Fig.14 Resistance of penetrating semi-infinite concrete target

图15 弹引系统各位置加速度时程曲线

Fig.15 Acceleration-time curves of projectile-fuze system components

图16 各位置加速度时程对比

Fig.16 Acceleration-time curves at different components

表5 数值仿真与动力学模型加速度峰值对比

Table 5 Comparison of acceleration peaks of numerical simulation and dynamical model g

数值仿真	本文模型	本文模型偏差/%	刚性理论	刚性理论偏差/%
-8000	-7600	5.0	-4300	45.0

图17 数值仿真与动力学模型结果频谱对比

Fig.17 Comparison of the frequency spectral curves of numerically simulated and dynamical model results

表6 不同靶板间隔下弹靶作用频率与固有频率关系

Table 6 The relationship between projectile-target interaction frequency and natural frequency under different target spacings

靶板间隔/m	弹靶作用频率/Hz	1阶固有频率/ 弹靶作用频率	加速度峰值/g
3	174	5.46	-7663
2	284	3.41	-7585
1	500	1.90	-9617

图18 不同间隔靶板工况下电子模块加速度信号及对应频谱曲线

Fig.18 The acceleration signal of electronic module and the corresponding spectral curve under the conditions of different spaced targets

图19 不同间隔靶板工况电子模块加速度时程曲线

Fig.19 Acceleration-time curves of electronic module under the conditions of different spaced target

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