破片撞击高能推进剂装药爆燃机理实验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0293

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示破片撞击高能推进剂装药爆燃形成机理,开展破片半穿孔和贯穿高能推进剂装药实验研究,获得3种装药响应类型,分别为燃烧转爆燃、燃烧和爆燃。基于装药反应演化时序图像和回收的样品,并结合图像数字化处理技术综合表征装药响应过程;分析推进剂受侵彻后的力学变形和装药响应特性,揭示装药在半穿孔和贯穿条件下的爆燃形成机理。研究结果表明:针对直径10mm钨合金球破片撞击高能推进剂装药,装药侵彻弹道损伤为局部径向开裂,并伴有黏弹性耗散导致的延迟变形;装药在半穿孔和贯穿下均存在延迟反应现象,即装药的显著燃烧反应总是发生在推进剂结构破坏之后;在半穿孔时延迟变形促使装药内部高烈度反应区前移,并与结构约束耦合,导致装药发生燃烧转爆燃,在贯穿状态下,延迟变形和延迟反应显著存在时,装药难于发生爆燃;当弹坑内部燃烧气体通过侵彻弹道径向裂缝渗入未反应的凝聚相推进剂时,装药通常会发生爆燃反应。

关键词: 破片撞击, 高能推进剂装药, 黏弹性耗散, 爆燃机理, 火焰射流

Abstract:

To reveal the mechanism of deflagration formation in high-energy propellant charge subjected to fragment impact,the semi-perforation and penetration of fragments into high-energy propellant charges are tested.The response types of charge are combustion-to-deflagration transition,combustion and deflagration.Based on the time-series image of charge reaction evolution and recovered samples,the response process of charge is comprehensively characterized using the image digital processing technology.The mechanical deformation and charge response characteristics of propellant after penetration are analyzed,and the deflagration mechanism of charge during semi-perforation and penetrating is revealed.The results indicate that,the trajectory penetration damage of the high-energy propellant charge impacted by a tungsten alloy fragment with a diameter of 10 mm is local radial cracking,and is accompanied by a delayed deformation caused by viscoelastic dissipation.There is a delayed reaction of the charge during semi-perforation and penetrating.that is,the significant combustion reaction of the charge occurs after the failure of propellant structure.During semi-perforation,the delayed deformation causes the high-intensity reaction zone inside the charge to move forward and coupled with structural constraints,resulting in combustion to deflagration transition.The charge is difficult to undergo deflagration reaction when delayed deformation and delayed reaction are significantly present in the penetrating state.When the combustion gas inside the crater seeps into the unreacted condensed phase propellant through the radial cracks of penetration trajectory,the charge usually undergoes a deflagration reaction.

Key words: fragment impact, high-energy propellant charge, viscoelastic dissipation, deflagration mechanism, flame jet

中图分类号:

V512

王鑫, 吴艳青, 杨昆, 武毅, 侯晓. 破片撞击高能推进剂装药爆燃机理实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240293-.

WANG Xin, WU Yanqing, YANG Kun, WU Yi, HOU Xiao. Experimental Study on the Deflagration Mechanism of High-energy Propellant Charge Subjected to Fragment Impact[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240293-.

图/表 11

图1 实验用高能推进剂样品细观图像和装药结构

Fig.1 Microscopic structure of experimental high-energy propellant samples and the structure of charge

图2 破片撞击高能推进剂装药反应演化实验总体布局

Fig.2 Overall layout of the experiment on the reaction evolution of high-energy propellant charge impacted by fragment

图3 破片撞击高能推进剂装药反应时序图像

Fig.3 Reaction time series image of high-energy propellant charge impacted by fragment

图4 实验后回收的壳体

Fig.4 The shells recovered afterexperiment

表1 高能推进剂装药破片撞击实验结果

Table 1 Experimental results of high-energy propellant charge impacted by fragment

速度/ (m·s^-1)	装药响应特征	反应等级
469	破片未贯穿装药,初始火焰射流形成在入射弹孔,冒烟,端盖抛射,大块推进剂块抛射,小块体推进剂抛射并且燃烧、引燃周围可燃物;前期的响声是哒哒声,后期似炸药爆炸声	爆燃
746	破片贯穿装药,初始火焰射流形成在贯穿弹孔,随后形成双向火焰射流,无端盖抛射现象,弹孔位置熔化现象显著,推进剂被消耗完全;响声为持续的哒哒声	燃烧
1373	破片贯穿装药,初始火焰射流形成在入射弹孔,随后形成双向火焰射流,端盖抛射,大块推进剂块抛射,小块体推进剂抛射燃烧,引燃周围可燃物,弹孔鼓包、破裂和部分熔化;响声似炸药爆炸声	爆燃

图5 推进剂装药反应演化火焰亮度时程曲线

Fig.5 Brightness-time curves of flame for reaction evolution of propellant charge

图6 球形破片侵彻推进剂力学变形特性

Fig.6 Mechanical deformation characteristics of propellant penetrated by spherical fragment

图7 实验后回收的未反应推进剂块体(469m/s)

Fig.7 Unreacted propellant blocks recovered after experiment (469m/s)

图8 破片速度469m/s下推进剂装药爆燃机理

Fig.8 Deflagration mechanism of propellant charge under 469m/s

图9 实验后回收的未反应推进剂块体(1373m/s)

Fig.9 Unreacted propellant blocks recovered after experiment(1373m/s)

图10 破片速度1373m/s下推进剂装药爆燃机理

Fig.10 Deflagration mechanism of propellant charge under 1373m/s

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