变形可控内凹蜂窝结构抗冲击性能研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内凹蜂窝结构因其独特的变形模式、出色的抗冲击和能量吸收特性以及轻质特点,在汽车工业、航空航天、生物医疗等领域具有广阔的应用前景。基于传统内凹六边形蜂窝结构,引入圆角设计并通过改变圆角的排布方式,提出一种基于圆角增强的变形可控内凹蜂窝结构,采用金属3D打印技术制备变形模式为Z型和Y型的变形可控蜂窝结构。为探究其抗冲击性能,开展准静态压缩和落锤冲击实验以及有限元数值模拟,分析结构的变形模式和吸能特性。研究结果表明:新提出的新型蜂窝结构实现了变形模式的可控,通过定制的Z型和Y型变形模式,显著提高了结构的吸能性能,具有良好的压溃稳定性;在同种结构下,吸能性能随着圆角半径的增大逐渐提高;随着速度的增加,结构变形模式逐渐向I型压溃演变,结构的平台力大致呈现出递增的趋势,吸能效率逐渐降低;Z型结构因其圆角的非对称排布,在多数情况下其抗冲击性能优于Y型结构。研究结果可为动态冲击作用下新型结构的耐撞性设计提供参考。

关键词: 内凹蜂窝结构, 圆角设计, 3D打印, 吸能特性, 变形模式, 动态冲击

Abstract:

The concave honeycomb structure has broad application prospects in the automotive industry,aerospace,biomedical and other fields due to their unique deformation mode,excellent impact resistance and energy absorption properties,and lightweight characteristics.Based on the traditional Concave hexagonal honeycomb structure,a deformation-controllable concave honeycomb structure based on rounded corners enhancement is proposed by introducing a rounded corner design and changing the arrangement of the rounded corners,and a deformation-controllable honeycomb structure with deformation modes of Z and Y shapes is designed and prepared using metal 3D printing technology.In order to explore its impact resistance,its deformation mode and energy absorption properties are analyzed through the quasi-static compression and drop weight impact experiments and the finite element numerical simulation.The research results show that the proposed honeycomb structure achieves controllable deformation mode and has higher crushing stability,and the energy absorption performance of the structure is significantly improved through customized Z and Y deformation modes.For the same structure,the energy absorption performance gradually improves as the fillet radius increases.As the speed increases,the structural deformation mode gradually evolves into an I type collapse,the platform force generally shows an increasing trend,and the energy absorption efficiency gradually decreases.Due to the asymmetric arrangement of the rounded corners,the Z shape structure has better impact resistance than the Y shape structure in most cases.The research results can provide reference for the crashworthiness design of new structures under dynamic impact.

Key words: concave honeycomb structure, rounded corner design, 3D printing, energy absorption property, deformation mode, dynamic impact

中图分类号:

O342

毛光辉, 王成, 王万里, 徐文龙. 变形可控内凹蜂窝结构抗冲击性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240037-.

MAO Guanghui, WANG Cheng, WANG Wanli, XU Wenlong. Research on the Impact Resistance of Deformation-controllable Concave Honeycomb Structures[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240037-.

图/表 37

图1 结构代表性胞元

Fig.1 Structural representative cells

图2 蜂窝整体结构

Fig.2 Honeycomb overall structure

表1 整体蜂窝结构的几何参数

Table 1 Geometric parameters of the whole honeycomb structure

结构	总长L/mm	总高H/mm	壁厚t/mm	圆角半径r/mm
RH	69.20	45.00	0.60	0.00
ZH	69.20	45.00	0.60	0.60
YH	69.20	45.00	0.60	0.60

图3 真实应力-应变曲线

Fig.3 True stress-strain curves

表2 AlSi10Mg材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of AlSi10Mg

参数	数值
密度ρ/(g·cm^-3)	2.62
杨氏模量E/GPa	71.15
泊松比n	0.30
屈服强度/MPa	245.39
断裂强度/MPa	426.85
断裂应变	0.034

图4 动态应力-应变曲线

Fig.4 Dynamic stress-strain curves

表3 AlSi10Mg的Johnson-Cook参数

Table 3 Johnson-Cook parameters of AlSi10Mg

A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C
245.39	2246.24	0.74	0.037

图5 250kN电子万能试验机

Fig.5 250kN electronic universal testing machine

表4 准静态实验工况

Table 4 Quasi-static experimental conditions

工况	蜂窝结构	r/mm	m/g	相对密度
1	RH	0.00	50.43	0.237
2	ZH	0.60	52.55	0.246
3	YH	0.60	52.42	0.246
4	ZH	0.30	51.48	0.239
5	ZH	0.72	52.96	0.250
6	ZH	0.90	54.53	0.256

图6 有限元模型

Fig.6 Finite element model

图7 ZH结构不同网格尺寸的破碎力和计算时间

Fig.7 Breaking force and calculation time for different mesh sizes of ZH structure

图8 准静态压缩下ZH结构重复实验的变形过程(左为ZH,右为ZH-R)

Fig.8 Repeated experimental deformation process of ZH structure under quasi-static condition(Left:ZH,right:ZH-R)

图9 准静态压缩下ZH结构重复实验的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.9 Load-displacement curves of ZH structure under quasi-static condition in repeated experiments

图10 准静态下RH结构的实验(左)与模拟(右)破坏过程

Fig.10 Experimental(left) and simulated(right) damage process of RH structure under quasi-static condition

图11 准静态下ZH结构的实验(左)与模拟(右)破坏过程

Fig.11 Experimental(left) and simulated(right) damage process of ZH structure under quasi-static condition

图12 准静态下YH结构的实验(左)与模拟(右)破坏过程

Fig.12 Experimental(left) and simulated(right) damage process of YH structure under quasi-static condition

图13 准静态下不同蜂窝结构的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.13 Load-displacement curves of different honeycomb structures under quasi-static condition

图14 准静态下ZH结构不同圆角半径的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.14 Load-displacement curves of ZH structures with different fillet radii under quasi-static condition

表5 准静态下蜂窝结构耐撞性指标

Table 5 Crashworthiness indicators of honeycomb structure under quasi-static condition

试件	EA/J	SEA/ (J·g^-1)	IPF/ kN	MCF/ kN	CFE
RH	115.54	2.29	6.90	4.62	0.67
ZH	153.76	2.93	8.10	6.15	0.76
YH	139.83	2.67	7.60	5.59	0.74
ZH-0.30	120.93	2.35	7.95	4.84	0.61
ZH-0.72	167.78	3.17	8.17	6.71	0.82
ZH-0.90	186.75	3.42	8.30	7.47	0.90

图15 准静态下蜂窝结构实验和模拟的载荷-位移曲线对比

Fig.15 Comparison of experimental and simulated load-displacement curves of honeycomb structures under quasi-static condition

图16 INSTRON CEAST 9350试验系统

Fig.16 INSTRON CEAST 9350 test system

表6 落锤动态冲击实验工况

Table 6 Drop weight dynamic impact test conditions

工况	蜂窝结构	r/mm	加载速度/(m·s^-1)
1	RH	0	4
2	ZH	0.60	4
3	YH	0.60	4
4	ZH	0.30	4
5	ZH	0.72	4
6	ZH	0.90	4

图17 动态冲击下RH结构的实验(左)与模拟(右)破坏过程

Fig.17 Experimental(left) and simulated(right) damage process of RH structure under dynamic impact

图18 动态冲击下ZH结构的实验(左)与模拟(右)破坏过程

Fig.18 Experimental(left) and simulated(right) damage process of ZH structure under dynamic impact

图19 动态冲击下YH结构的实验(左)与模拟(右)破坏过程

Fig.19 Experimental(left) and simulated(right) damage process of YH structure under dynamic impact

图20 动态冲击下不同蜂窝结构的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.20 Load-displacement curves of different honeycomb structures under dynamic impact

图21 动态冲击下ZH结构不同圆角半径的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.21 Load-displacement curves of ZH structures with different fillet radii under dynamic impact

表7 动态冲击下不同蜂窝结构耐撞性指标

Table 7 Crashworthiness indicators of honeycomb structure under dynamic impact

试件	EA/J	SEA/(J·g^-1)	IPF/kN	MCF/kN	CFE
RH	122.22	2.43	8.85	4.89	0.55
ZH	156.99	2.98	10.66	6.28	0.59
YH	153.63	2.97	10.18	6.15	0.60
ZH-0.30	129.00	2.54	9.93	5.16	0.52
ZH-0.72	170.75	3.25	11.04	6.83	0.62
ZH-0.90	217.05	3.99	11.47	8.68	0.76

图22 动态冲击下蜂窝结构实验和模拟的载荷-位移曲线对比

Fig.22 Comparison of experimental and simulated load-displacement curves of honeycomb structures under dynamic impact

表8 3种结构的变形模式(v1=10m/s)

Table 8 Deformation modes of three structures (v1=10m/s)

结构	ε=0.1	ε=0.2
RH
ZH
YH
结构	ε=0.3	ε=0.4
RH
ZH
YH

表9 3种结构的变形模式(v2=25m/s)

Table 9 Deformation modes of three structures (v2=25m/s)

结构	ε=0.1	ε=0.2
RH
ZH
YH
结构	ε=0.3	ε=0.4
RH
ZH
YH

表10 3种结构的变形模式(v3=40m/s)

Table 10 Deformation modes of three structures (v3=40m/s)

结构	ε=0.1	ε=0.2
RH
ZH
YH
结构	ε=0.3	ε=0.4
RH
ZH
YH

图23 不同速度下RH结构每层的水平应变分布

Fig.23 Horizontal strain distribution of each layer of RH structure at different speeds

图24 不同速度下ZH结构每层的水平应变分布

Fig.24 Horizontal strain distribution of each layer of ZH structure at different speeds

图25 不同速度下YH结构每层的水平应变分布

Fig.25 Horizontal strain distribution of each layer of YH structure at different speeds

图26 不同速度下3种结构的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.26 Load-displacement curves of three structures at different speeds

表11 不同速度下3种结构的耐撞性指标

Table 11 Crashworthiness indicators of three structures at different speeds

加载速度/ (m·s^-1)	试件	SEA/ (J·g^-1)	PCF/ kN	MCF/ kN	CFE
10	RH	2.62	9.68	5.21	0.54
	ZH	3.79	12.20	7.85	0.64
	YH	3.67	12.42	7.61	0.61
25	RH	2.61	13.07	5.23	0.40
	ZH	3.78	16.43	7.87	0.48
	YH	3.74	18.40	7.80	0.42
40	RH	3.02	11.47	6.04	0.53
	ZH	3.69	16.88	7.68	0.46
	YH	3.64	16.03	7.57	0.47

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