基于再展开法的包覆型含能药粒间静电相互作用模型与安全边界构建

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1179

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对包覆型含能药粒生产过程静电安全边界不清问题,结合再展开法与多层介质壳构型构建摩擦电包覆型含能药粒与药粒间的静电相互作用模型,基于改进Paschen定律明确包覆型含能药粒静电放电的电荷密度与场强阈值边界,揭示颗粒结构与电学关键参数对包覆型含能药粒静电安全性的影响规律。研究结果表明:包覆层极化效应增强了药粒间电场与吸引力,导致带电药粒同性相吸团聚,加剧了静电放电风险;在相同带电量下,被包覆活性金属导体药粒间吸引力远高于被包覆单质炸药介质药粒;当表面电荷密度为±5.0μC/m²时,包覆型活性金属导体药粒间电场会超过空气击穿阈值,发生放电;对于包覆型单质炸药介质药粒,只有表面电荷密度达到±50μC/m²,电场才会超过击穿阈值;包覆型活性金属导体药粒静电安全性远小于包覆型单质炸药介质药粒,更容易发生静电团聚与静电放电。

关键词: 含能药粒, 静电场, 击穿阈值, 静电放电, 静电安全边界

Abstract:

The electrostatic safety boundary between coated energetic explosive particles in the production process is studied.A theoretical model of electrostatic interaction between charged coated energetic explosive particles is established by using the re-expansion method.The boundaries of charge density and electric field intensity threshold for electrostatic discharge of coated energetic explosive particle are defined based on the modified Paschen’s law. The influences of key particle structure and electrical properties on electrostatic agglomeration and discharge are discussed.The results show that the polarization effect of the coated medium enhances the electric field in the gap and attractive force,resulting in a like-charge attraction phenomenon of charged particles and exacerbating the discharge risk.Under the same charge,the attractive force between the coated active metal conductor particles is much higher than that between coated single-component explosive dielectric particles.When the surface charge density of coated active metal conductor particle is ±5.0μC/m²,the electric field exceeds the air breakdown threshold.For the coated dielectric particles,the electric field surpasses the breakdown threshold only when the surface charge density reaches ±50μC/m².Therefore,the coated active metal conductor particles possess less electrostatic safety than that of coated single-component dielectric particles,and the greater risk of electrostatic agglomeration and electrostatic discharge.

Key words: energetic explosive, electrostatic field, breakdown threshold, electrostatic discharge, electrostatic safety boundary

中图分类号:

TJ55

冯跃, 周子隆, 吴成成, 郭学永, 张波, 王浩, 王硕. 基于再展开法的包覆型含能药粒间静电相互作用模型与安全边界构建[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231179-.

FENG Yue, ZHOU Zilong, WU Chengcheng, GUO Xueyong, ZHANG Bo, WANG Hao, WANG Shuo. Modeling of Electrostatic Interaction and Safety Boundary Between Coated Energetic Explosive Particles Based on Re-expansion Method[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231179-.

图/表 14

图1 两个包覆结构球形药粒结构示意图

Fig.1 Schemaric diagram of two coated spherical explosive particle structures

图2 二维轴对称有限元模型

Fig.2 Geometrical configuration of two-dimensional axisymmetric model

图3 包覆结构介质核心药粒电势分布

Fig.3 Potential distribution of coated explosive particle with a dielectric core

图4 包覆结构导体核心药粒电势分布

Fig.4 Potential distribution of coated explosive particle with a conductor core

图5 电场模随药粒2外表面电荷密度的变化

Fig.5 Variation of electric field norm with charge density on the outer surface of Particle 2

图6 相同半径包覆结构药粒周围电场模分布

Fig.6 Electric field norm distribution around coated explosive particles with same radius

图7 不同半径包覆结构药粒周围电场模分布

Fig.7 Electric field norm distribution around coated explosive particles with different radii

图8 中轴线上电场模分布(σc1=-σc2=1.0μC/m2)

Fig.8 Distribution of electric field norm along central axis (σc1=-σc2=1.0 μC/m2)

图9 两介质核心药粒间静电力随无量纲间隙变化(σc1=1.0μC/m2)

Fig.9 Electrostatic force between two coated dielectric-core particles versus dimensionless gap (σc1=1.0μC/m2)

图10 两导体核心药粒间静电力随无量纲间隙变化(σc1=1.0μC/m2)

Fig.10 Electrostatic force between two coated conducting-core particles versus dimensionless gap(σc1=1.0μC/m2)

图11 电荷总量恒定下静电力不随外表面电荷密度变化

Fig.11 Independence of electrostatic force on σc2 with the constant total amount of charge

图12 传统Paschen曲线与改进Paschen曲线

Fig.12 Paschen’s curve andmodified Paschen’s curve

图13 不同表面电荷密度下药粒间隙电场峰值随药粒间距的变化

Fig.13 Variation of maximum electric field with gap for different surface charge densities

表1 静电相互作用模型对比

Table 1 Comparison of electrostatic interaction models

模型	优点	缺点
基于多极镜像法的模型^[18]	解形式简单	无法建模双颗粒系统
基于球坐标系中多极展开法的模型^[14]	物理意义明确可以建模包覆结构药粒	解收敛性较差静电力求解需要计算二重积分矩阵,形式非常复杂
基于双球坐标系中多极展开法的模型^[15]	物理意义明确可以求解球-平面系统	解收敛性较差无法建模包覆结构药粒电场求解需要计算二元变系数差分方程,形式非常复杂
本文提出的基于再展开法的模型	解形式简单解收敛性较好物理意义明确可以建模包覆结构药粒	无法求解球-平面系统

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