多刚体尾控弹的扰流片气动特性与控制机理研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0781

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代战争对远程打击精度要求提升,传统非制导武器已难以满足需求,制导武器越来越受关注。扰流片作为控制执行机构,对其在不同工况下的气动特性认识不足,控制机理尚不明确。通过数值模拟和弹道分析相结合的方式,深入研究扰流片在不同高度、跨度和轴向位置下的气动性能变化以及其原理。使用数据结合纹影图、流线图等手段,分析了不同马赫数下附加力和力矩变化的原因。研究结果表明,扰流片的不同参数对附加力、力矩和控阻比具有显著影响。其中,附加轴向力直接影响了弹丸射程,附加法向力与附加力矩影响了弹丸的修正能力。研究为未来的扰流片设计与控制系统的优化提供了重要参考。

关键词: 多刚体弹丸, 计算流体动力学, 扰流片, 气动特性

Abstract:

In modern warfare, the demand for long-range precision strikes has increased, and the traditional unguided weapons are no longer sufficient to meet these needs. Guided weapons are receiving increasing attention. The aerodynamic characteristics of spoilers, as control actuators, under different conditions have been insufficiently understood, and their control mechanisms are not yet well-defined. The aerodynamic performance variations of spoilers at different heights, spans and axial positions, as well as their principles are investigated through numerical simulation and trajectory analysis. The causes of variations in additional forces and moments at different Mach numbers are analyzed through the use of shadowgraphs,streamlines,and other diagnostic methods.The study results indicate that the different parameters of spoiler have significant impacts on the additional forces,moments and control drag ratio. Specifically, the additional axial force directly affects the range of projectile, while the additional normal forces and moments have influences on the correction capability of projectile. This research provides important reference for the future design and optimization of spoiler and control system.

Key words: multi-body projectile, computational fluid dynamics, spoiler, aerodynamic characteristics

雒鑫瑞, 张盟, 邓志红, 沈凯, 姜志皓. 多刚体尾控弹的扰流片气动特性与控制机理研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S2): 259-270.

LUO Xinrui, ZHANG Meng, DENG Zhihong, SHEN Kai, JIANG Zhihao. Aerodynamic Characteristics and Control Mechanisms of Spoilers for Multi-body Tail-controlled Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S2): 259-270.

图/表 26

图1 多刚体弹丸模型

Fig.1 Multi-body projectile model

图2 扰流片模型

Fig.2 Spoiler model

图3 扰流片作用效果图

Fig.3 Illustration of spoiler effect

图4 扰流片作用示意图

Fig.4 Spoiler effect diagram

图5 扰流片相对速度图

Fig.5 Relative velocity diagram of spoiler

图6 7自由度弹道图

Fig.6 7-degrees-of-freedom trajectory

图7 扰流片修正原理图

Fig.7 Spoiler correction principle

图8 扰流片修正弹道图

Fig.8 Spoiler-corrected trajectory

图9 网格模型

Fig.9 Mesh model

表1 仿真条件设定

Table 1 Simulation condition setting

设置	方案
控制方程	雷诺平均三维可压缩N-S方程
仿真方法	RANS方法,标准k-ε湍流模型
近壁区域	标准壁面函数(Launder和Spalding)
求解器	基于密度的隐式求解器

图10 纹影图(密度梯度图)

Fig.10 Shadowgraph(density gradient)

图11 弹丸船尾流线与速度图(1.5Ma)

Fig.11 Projectile streamlines and velocity map(1.5Ma)

图12 弹丸密度图(1.5Ma)

Fig.12 Projectile streamlines and velocity map(1.5Ma)

表2 扰流片构型参数表

Table 2 Spoiler configuration parameters

扰流片	高度/mm	跨度/(°)	轴向位置/mm
构型1	20	20	0
构型2	10	20	0
构型3	30	20	0
构型4	20	30	0
构型5	20	40	0
构型6	20	20	20
构型7	20	20	40

图13 构型一扰流片附加力系数图

Fig.13 Coefficient plot of additional force of spoiler in Configuration 1

图14 弹丸流线与密度图(3°攻角)

Fig.14 Projectile streamlines and density map (3°angle of atack)

图15 不同扰流片高度(1.5Ma)

Fig.15 Different spoiler heights(1.5Ma)

图16 不同扰流片高度的系数变化规律

Fig.16 Change in additional force due to different spoiler heights

图17 不同扰流片跨度(1.5Ma)

Fig.17 Different spoiler spans(1.5Ma)

图18 不同扰流片跨度的系数变化规律

Fig.18 Different spoiler spans

图19 不同扰流片位置(1.5Ma)

Fig.19 Different spoiler positions(1.5Ma)

图20 不同扰流片位置的系数变化规律

Fig.20 Different spoiler positions

图21 扰流片作用示意图

Fig.21 Spoiler effect

图22 扰流片修正射程图

Fig.22 Spoiler-corrected range

图23 扰流片修正能力图

Fig.23 Spoiler correction capability

图24 相对攻角

Fig.24 Relative angle of attack

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