侵彻弹体过载信号特性与处理技术研究进展

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

侵彻弹体过载信号是反映侵彻物理过程的关键信号,可分为刚体减速度、弹体结构响应、连接结构响应和传感器噪声4种成分。介绍了4种成分的来源和各自特点,讨论了弹体结构响应和传感器相关信号各自的建模和评估方法。整理了针对过载信号进行分析处理的若干方法,比较了各种方法的精确性、自适应性、实时性和适用范围。对于过载信号处理实时性需求、重构手段、刚体减速度在复杂侵彻环境下的形式以及高速侵彻对过载信号分析处理带来的挑战展开了讨论。针对侵彻弹体过载信号研究现状,总结了存在的问题以及未来可能的研究方向。

关键词: 硬目标侵彻, 过载信号, 侵彻过载, 弹引系统, 弹体结构响应

Abstract:

The overload signal of penetrating projectile is of vital importance to reflect the physical process of penetration, which further helps to reveal the mechanism of penetration resistance and the structural response of projectile. It is also an important basis for designing the projectile-fuze system and achieving the precise target strikes.The overload signal is divided into four components: rigid body deceleration, structural response of projectile, response of connection structure and interference signals of sensors. The sources and characteristics of the four components are introduced, and the modeling and evaluation methods for the vibration and sensor-related signals of projectile-fuze system are discussed. For analyzing the components of overload signals, the low pass filtering, mechanical filtering, modal decomposition, wavelet transform, and blind source separation methods are discussed respectively. The accuracies, adaptabilities, real-time performances, and applicabilities of the methods above are also compared. The real-time requirements for overload signal processing, the signal reconstruction methods, the form of rigid body deceleration in complex penetration environments and the challenges brought by high-speed penetration scenario are discussed. Based on the current research status of overload signals processing of penetrating projectiles, the existing problems and possible future research directions are summarized.

Key words: hard target penetration, overload signal, penetration overload, penetration-fuze system, projectile structural response

中图分类号:

TJ301
TJ302

陈柏翰, 赵生伟, 邹慧辉, 王伟光, 戴湘晖, 王可慧. 侵彻弹体过载信号特性与处理技术研究进展[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 2906-2928.

CHEN Baihan, ZHAO Shengwei, ZOU Huihui, WANG Weiguang, DAI Xianghui, WANG Kehui. Research Progress of Overload Signal Characteristics and Processing Technologies of Penetrating Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 2906-2928.

图/表 21

图1 混凝土靶后边界对减速度的影响[32]

Fig.1 The influence of the rear side of concrete target on the deceleration[32]

图2 考虑弹体结构响应的过载响应与试验对比[37]

Fig.2 Contrast among acceleration response with structural vibration and experimental results[37]

表1 文献[40]中试验过载信号与模态结果对比

Table 1 Contrast of experimental overload signals and modal results in Ref.[40]

信号峰值频率/Hz	模态特征频率/Hz	误差/%
6 400	6 573.3	2.6
12 740	13 394.7	4.9
14 130	14 612.7	3.3
17 380	17 246.0	0.8
19 000	18 977.8	0.1

图3 文献[44]中的分段式弹体结构

Fig.3 Structure of segmented projectile in Ref.[44]

图4 弹体中部内外表面应变对比[45]

Fig.4 Comparison of internal and external surface strains at the middle of projectile[45]

图5 侵彻三层靶的典型加速度信号[52]

Fig.5 Typical acceleration signal of projectile perforating three-layered target[52]

图6 弹体和螺纹连接结构的过载响应[61]

Fig.6 Overload response of projectile body and threaded connection structure[61]

图7 两种连接结构[40]

Fig.7 Two kinds of threaded connection structure[40]

图8 弹引系统的首层(左)和次层(右)建模[57]

Fig.8 Models of the first (left) and adjacent (right) layer of projectile-fuze system[57]

表2 连接结构的形式和特点

Table 2 Form and characteristics of connection structures

连接结构	刚度	响应形式	响应幅值	适用场景
法兰连接	低	螺纹弹性振动、垫圈缓冲	小	侵彻计层、避免信号粘连
传统螺纹连接	中	螺纹弹性振动、碰撞	大	一般测试
压紧螺纹连接	高	螺纹弹性振动、小碰撞	小	完整过载记录、弹体结构响应分析

表3 过载信号4种成分的特点

Table 3 Characteristics of overload signal’s components

过载信号成分	来源	波形	幅值	特征频率	时间积分值	时间二次积分值
刚体减速度	靶体阻力	峰-层对应	最大	低(深侵彻)-中等(多层侵彻)	侵彻速度	侵彻深度
弹体结构响应	弹体内部应力波	往复震荡	中等	中等(基频)-高(高频)	≈0	≈0
连接结构响应	测试装置连接处振动与碰撞	往复震荡	小	高(振动)-极高(碰撞)	≈0	≈0
传感器噪声	传感器内部干扰	往复震荡	小	高	≠0(含零漂)	≠0(含零漂)

图9 1kHz滤波后不同位置过载响应和预测时程[76]

Fig.9 Experimental and predicted overloads at different positions after 1kHz low-pass filtering[76]

图10 添加黏弹性灌封材料前后的加速度响应[95]

Fig.10 Acceleration responses before and after adding viscoelastic sealing materials[95]

图11 活性炭-EPDM、泡沫铝和氟橡胶在4次冲击过程中的缓冲系数[103]

Fig.11 Buffering coefficients of active carbon-EPDM,foam aluminum, and fluororubber during four impacts[103]

图12 信号的EEMD流程[81]

Fig.12 Flow chart of EEMD[81]

图13 EEMD所得的IMF分量、剩余项和频谱[110]

Fig.13 IMF, residual and corresponding frequency spectrum after EEMD[110]

表4 过载信号处理方法的特点

Table 4 Characteristics of methods for overload signal processing

提取方法	基本思路	优点	缺点	适用场景
低通滤波法	进行Fourier频谱变换, 保留低频成分	简单,实用性强	截止频率难确定, 人工判断成分大	实时分析、后处理初步分析
机械滤波法	利用高黏性大阻尼材料滤去信号高频成分,减小过载幅值	简单,实用性强	多次冲击可能失效, 普适性差	实时分析、关键结构保护
模态分解法	逐步去除信号高频成分, 选取最优本征模态函数	精确,自适应性好	可能出现高频成分丢失、信号端点失真	后处理精确分析
小波变换法	进行小波变换,确定最佳小波层数, 保留低频成分	精确	小波基人为选择, 可能出现高频成分丢失	后处理精确分析
盲源分离法	将信号转为虚拟多通道, 比较得出最显著成分	精确,自适应性好	需搭配其他方法使用, 过程复杂	后处理精确分析

图14 半实物仿真系统原理图[87]

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of semi-physical simulation system[87]

图15 弹体侵彻沙土的典型加速度时程曲线[128]

Fig.15 Typical acceleration curve of projectile penetrating sand[128]

图16 弹靶耦合作用机制示意

Fig.16 Demonstration of projectile-target interaction mechanism

图17 弹体中部高速侵彻加速度示意曲线[65]

Fig.17 Demonstration curve of high-speed penetration acceleration of projectile’s middle[65]

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