基于热化学烧蚀模型的身管寿命等效折算系数研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0949

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对当前等效全装药(Equivalent Full Charge,EFC)折算系数的国家军用标准预测值与实际测试结果差距较大的问题,基于热-化学烧蚀模型,研究不同工况下射击发数与EFC射击发数间的折算系数计算方法。射击一定发数后,假设身管内壁白层厚度及成分随射击发数呈周期性变化,由质量扩散定律建立膛线起始部热-化学烧蚀量与火药燃气侵蚀性、内膛表面瞬态温度的关系。通过经典内弹道模型获得弹后空间火药燃气平均温度及内壁面强制对流换热系数,在考虑后效期高温燃气影响的基础上,建立身管内壁瞬态温度计算模型。以对内弹道过程有重要影响的射速、药量和药温为重点,计算不同射速、不同药号和不同药温下的身管内壁烧蚀量,并据此获得不同工况下的折算系数。研究发现,射速越快,装药质量越大,装药初始温度越高,单发射击造成的身管烧蚀越严重,其对应的EFC折算系数越大,其中强装药的EFC折算系数可达2.131。以某型155mm火炮身管实弹射击数据为例,验证了新模型的合理性。

关键词: 身管寿命, 等效全装药折算系数, 热化学烧蚀, 瞬态温度场

Abstract:

To explain the paradox between the experimental and theoretical results of equivalent full charge (EFC) conversion coefficient, which can be used to convert the number of firing under various firing conditions to the number of EFC firing, a computational method of that coefficient is investigated on the basis of the thermo-chemical erosion model of the barrel. Supposing that the thickness and composition of the white layer on the inner wall of barrel change periodically after several firings, the relationship among the thermo-chemical erosion volume at the beginning of the rifling and the erosivity of the propellant and the transient temperature field of the inner layer of the barrel is established with the help of the mass diffusion law. During the firing process, the gas temperature in the space behind the projectile and the forced convection coefficient at the innerwall surface of barrel are provided by the classical interior ballistic theory. Hereafter, the model to calculate the transient temperature of the barrel can be developed. In addition, the effect of gas with relative high temperature during the after-effect period is also considered. Eventually, focusing on the firing rate, the charge mass and the charge temperature which have an essential effect on the interior ballistic process, erosion volumes under different firing rates, charge numbers and charge temperatures are calculated. Accordingly, the EFC conversion coefficients under various firing conditions are obtained. It is found that a more severe erosion of the barrel is often related to a faster firing rate, a more charge mass and a higher charge temperature.The EFC coefficient of the supercharge is up to 2.131. The reasonability of the proposed model is verified by using the practical firing data of a 155mm barrel.

Key words: barrel life, equivalent full charge conversion coefficient, thermo-chemical erosion, transient temperature field

中图分类号:

TJ301

李延泽, 钱林方, 付佳维, 陈龙淼. 基于热化学烧蚀模型的身管寿命等效折算系数研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1426-1435.

LI Yanze, QIAN Linfang, FU Jiawei, CHEN Longmiao. Study on the Equivalent Full Charge Conversion Coefficient of the Barrel Life Based on the Thermal-chemical Erosion Model[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1426-1435.

图/表 12

图1 身管烧蚀模型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of barrel erosion model

图2 身管烧蚀量计算流程图

Fig.2 Calculation flow of barrel erosion volume

表1 某155mm火炮相关计算参数[27]

Table 1 Material parameters of a 155mm artillery[27]

装药常温/ K	ρ_b/ (kg·m^-3)	c_b/(J·kg^-1K^-1)		λ_b/(W·m^-1K^-1)
装药常温/ K	ρ_b/ (kg·m^-3)	C₀	C₁	C₀	C₁
294	7850	474.71	0.2	43.6	-0.0097

表2 不同药号的燃气组成体积比[11,14]

Table 2 Propellant compositions of different charge numbers in vol.%[11,14]

装药号	CO/%	CO₂/%	H₂/%	N₂/%	H₂O/%
强装药	28.70	4.29	15.90	29.10	21.90
0、1装药	28.69	5.76	12.16	27.62	25.20
2~6装药	42.80	9.96	10.30	12.60	23.70

表3 待定系数k1~k7取值[11]

Table 3 Values of k1- k 7 [11]

k₁	k₂	k₃	k₄	k₅	k₆	k₇
114	0.0207	1.0	-0.33	2.4	-3.6	-0.5

图3 弹后空间燃气温度与内表面对流换热系数随时间变化

Fig.3 Change if temperature and convection coefficient in the space behind the projectile with time

图4 身管内表层瞬态温度分布

Fig.4 Distribution of transient temperature in the surface layer of barrel

图5 身管内表面瞬态温度分布(10发/min)

Fig.5 Distribution of transient temperature on the barrel’s inner surface (10 rounds/min)

图6 不同射速下平均烧蚀量折算系数随累计射击发数的变化曲线

Fig.6 Conversion coefficient vs. accumulated number of shots fired

图7 不同药号的壁温与烧蚀量结果(药温294K)

Fig.7 Temperature and erosion volume for different charge numbers (charge temperature: 294K)

表4 不同药号的EFC折算系数(药温294K)

Table 4 EFC conversion coefficients for different charge numbers (charge temperature: 294K)

装药号	基于烧蚀量	GJB	实验值
强装药	2.131	1.286	2.057~2.422
0	1.000	1.000	1.000
1	0.313	0.531
2	0.261	0.533	0.222
3	0.067	0.328
4	0.011	0.193
5	6.8E-4	0.103
6	1.0E-5	0.046

表5 不同药温下的EFC折算系数(0号装药)

Table 5 EFC conversion coefficient for different charge temperatures (charge number: 0)

温度/℃	21	-44	55
EFC折算系数	1.0000	0.9386	1.1122

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