基于单矢量水听器时频声强法的非合作水声跳频信号多维参数估计

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0685

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统方法对水下非合作跳频信号的多维参数估计效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于单矢量水听器时频声强法的非合作水声跳频信号空时频参数估计方法。利用矢量水听器声压通道与振速通道的接收信号建立时频域的短时互谱分布,分析噪声与信号在时频域分布的差异,通过迭代去噪法与连通域方法,对噪声进行抑制并平滑每跳的能量分布;采用复声强法对短时互谱矩阵进行处理,得到清晰稳定的跳频信号空时频分布;提取空时频分布的脊线并利用Haar小波变换对脊线进行奇异点检测,估计出信号的多维参数。仿真和水池试验结果表明,当信噪比大于-5dB时,所提方法得到的参数估计归一化均方根误差小于0.05。

关键词: 单矢量水听器, 时频声强法, 空时频分布, 多维参数估计, 跳频信号

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that the traditional methods are not effective in estimating the multi-dimensional parameters of underwater non-cooperative frequency-hopping (FH) signals, an estimation method of space-time- frequency parameters of non-cooperative underwater acoustic FH signal based on time-frequency intensity method of single vector hydrophone is proposed. The short-time cross-spectrum distribution in time-frequency domain is established by using the received signals of sound pressure channel and vibration velocity channel of vector hydrophone. The difference of noise and signal distributions in time-frequency domain is analysed, and an iterative denoising method and a connected domain method are used to suppress noise and smooth the energy distribution of each hop. A clear and stable space-time-frequency distribution of FH signals is obtained by processing the short-time cross-spectrum matrix using the complex acoustic intensity method. The ridge of space-time-frequency distribution is extracted, and the singularity detection is performed on the ridge using Haar wavelet transform to estimate the multi-dimensional parameters of the signal. The simulated and pool test results show that the normalized root mean square error of the obtained parameters is less than 0.05 when SNR is greater than -5dB.

Key words: single vector hydrophone, time-frequency acoustic intensity method, space-time-frequency distribution, multi-dimensional parameter estimation, frequency-hopping signal

中图分类号:

TN911.7

王哲睿, 王燕, 王逸林, 梁国龙. 基于单矢量水听器时频声强法的非合作水声跳频信号多维参数估计[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(2): 454-465.

WANG Zherui, WANG Yan, WANG Yilin, LIANG Guolong. Multi-dimensional Parameter Estimation of Non-cooperative Underwater Acoustic Frequency-hopping Signal Based on Time-frequency Acoustic Intensity Method of Single Vector Hydrophone[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(2): 454-465.

图/表 17

图1 声强谱峰提取结果及利用复声强法的方位估计值

Fig.1 The extraction results of the spectral peaks of acoustic intensity and the azimuth estimation using the complex acoustic intensity method

图2 方位估计NRMSE

Fig.2 NRMSE of azimuth estimation

图3 加窗方法得到的时间方位图

Fig.3 Time-azimuth map obtained by adding window method

图4 本文方法得到的时间方位图

Fig.4 Time-azimuth map obtained by the proposed method

图5 时频重叠时的时间方位图以及接收信号的时频分布

Fig.5 Time-azimuth map and time-frequency distribution of the received signal when the time-frequency overlaps

图6 方位平滑及信号分离结果

Fig.6 Results of azimuth smoothing and signal separation

图7 频率方位分布

Fig.7 Frequency-azimuth distribution

图8 跳频信号分离结果

Fig.8 Result of frequency-hopping signal separation

图9 频率估计NRMSE

Fig.9 NRMSE of frequency estimation

图10 跳变时刻估计NRMSE

Fig.10 NRMSE of FH hop time estimation

图11 方位估计NRMSE

Fig.11 NRMSE of azimuth estimation

图12 迭代收敛曲线

Fig.12 Iterative convergence curve

图13 分离正确率随信噪比变化曲线

Fig.13 Change of separation accuracy with signal-to-noise ratio

图14 实验布置示意图

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of experimental arrangement

图15 矢量水听器接收系统

Fig.15 Vector hydrophone receiving system

图16 跳频信号空时频三维分布图

Fig.16 Space-time-frequency distribution diagram of FH signal

表1 非合作水声跳频信号参数估计 NRMSE比较

Table 1 Comparison of parameter estimation NRMSEs of non-cooperative FH signal

方法	方位	频率	保持时间	跳变时刻
三元声压阵空间分离方法	0.34	0.03	0.40	0.33
三元声压阵匹配搜索方法	0.10	0.03	0.08	0.10
本文方法	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02
CRB	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.01

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