亚毫米颗粒侵彻肥皂靶标的空腔特征与致伤阈值

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肥皂靶标广泛应用于创伤弹道领域,作为生物目标等效靶,以观察伤口通道的破坏特征评估弹药的潜在伤害,但目前尚缺乏低附带毁伤弹药的亚毫米颗粒毁伤元对生物目标的损伤标准。采用量纲分析方法确定侵彻空腔的成形特征,根据颗粒驱动试验获得肥皂靶标的实际创伤弹道表现,并结合数值模拟分析亚毫米颗粒的侵彻空腔演化规律,建立亚毫米颗粒对肥皂靶标的临界损伤条件。研究结果表明:亚毫米颗粒侵彻肥皂靶标产生以入口直径和空腔深度来表现的圆锥状空腔,不同密度、粒度和速度的亚毫米颗粒侵彻肥皂靶标产生的空腔存在明显差异,空腔特征与比动能相关;随着颗粒材料密度、粒度和速度的增加,侵彻肥皂靶标产生的空腔容积随之增加,颗粒粒径越大,对肥皂靶标的侵彻深度越深,入口直径扩展至颗粒粒径的2.0~2.5倍;参考常规破片杀伤标准,等效计算不同粒径亚毫米颗粒对肥皂靶标的致伤及不同侵彻深度的能量密度阈值,发现亚毫米颗粒侵彻的能量密度需要超过0.83J/cm²才能对肥皂靶标造成损伤。数值模拟、试验测试和理论分析结果吻合较好,影响规律具有一致性,研究结果可为低附带毁伤战斗部设计及效应评估提供理论参考。

关键词: 肥皂靶标, 低附带毁伤, 亚毫米颗粒, 空腔演化, 致伤阈值

Abstract:

Ballistic soap is widely used in the field of wound ballistics, as an equivalent target of biological target, to observe the damage characteristics of wound channels for assessing the potential damage of ammunition. However, there is still a lack of damage standards for sub-millimeter particle damage elements of low collateral damage munitions to the biological targets. The dimensional analysis method is used to determine the forming characteristics of penetrating cavity, and the actual wound trajectory of soap target is obtained through the particle driving test. The evolution law of penetrating cavity of sub-millimeter particles is analyzed by numerical simulation, and the critical damage conditions of sub-millimeter particles on the soap target equivalent target are established. The conical cavity produced by sub-millimeter particles penetrating the soap target is represented by inlet diameter and cavity depth. The results show that the cavities caused by sub-millimeter particles with different densitues, sizes and velocities are significantly different, and the cavity characteristics are related to specific kinetic energy. The volume of the cavity produced by penetrating the soap target increases with the increase in the the density, size and velocity of particle material. The larger the particle size is, the deeper the penetration into the soap target is, and the inlet diameter expand to 2.0-2.5 times of the particle size. According to the fragment killing criteria, the injury thresholds of sub-millimeter particles with different particle sizes to the soap target are determined. The energy density of particle penetration should exceed 0.83J/cm² to cause damage to the soap target. The numerically simulated, test and theoretically analyzed results agree well with each other, and the the influence law of penetration effect is consistent. The results can provide theoretical reference for the structural design of low collateral damage warhead and the effect evaluation.

Key words: soap target, low collateral damage, sub-millimeter particle, cavity evolution, injury threshold

中图分类号:

TJ410.1

王少宏, 范瑞军, 王金英, 李海杰, 皮爱国. 亚毫米颗粒侵彻肥皂靶标的空腔特征与致伤阈值[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(11): 3868-3878.

WANG Shaohong, FAN Ruijun, WANG Jinying, LI Haijie, PI Aiguo. Cavity Forming Characteristics of Ballistic Soap Penetrated by Sub-millimeter Particles and Injury Threshold[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 3868-3878.

图/表 23

图1 等离子体驱动装置及原理[25]

Fig.1 Plasma driving device and principle[25]

图2 重金属颗粒嵌层装药结构

Fig.2 Heavy metal particles embedded charge structure

图3 试验现场布置

Fig.3 Experimental site layout

图4 颗粒侵彻肥皂靶标的空腔形貌

Fig.4 Cavity morphology of soap target penetrated by sub-millimeter particles

图5 颗粒的侵彻终点与肥皂空腔膨胀相对位置

Fig.5 The position of the penetration end point of particles relative to the expansion of soap cavity

图6 不同条件下的侵彻空腔显微观测

Fig.6 Microscopic observation of penetrating cavity under different conditions

表1 不同着靶速度下的试验结果

Table 1 Test results at different impact speeds

试验序号	飞行时长/ ms	侵彻深度/ mm	开坑直径/ mm	是否贯穿
01	16.3	12	0.600
02	22.0	3	0.520
03	13.0	22	0.811
04	11.5	24	0.865	否
05	15.5	10	0.687
06	14.0	20	0.763
07	20.0	3.5	0.520

图7 无量纲侵彻深度与颗粒速度关系

Fig.7 Dimensionless relationship between penetration depth and particle velocity

图8 无量纲开坑直径与颗粒速度关系

Fig.8 Dimensionless relationship between inlet diameter and particle velocity

图9 有限元模型

Fig.9 Finite element model

表2 钨合金颗粒材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of tungsten alloy particles

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E/GPa	v	σ/GPa
17	117	0.35	1.506

表3 肥皂靶标材料参数[26]

Table 3 Material parameters of ballistic soap[26]

ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	E/ GPa	σ/ MPa	E_H/ Pa	C₁/ Pa	C₂/ Pa	C₃/ Pa	C₄/ Pa
1.2	1	1	1×10³	0.0	0.0	2.93×10¹⁰	0.0

图10 不同时刻等效应力云图及颗粒的速度衰减曲线

Fig.10 Equivalent stress cloud map at different moments and velocity decay curve of particles at different moments

图11 仿真模拟与试验结果对比(左为空腔深度, 右为空腔入口直径)

Fig.11 Comparison of simulated and experimental results(left:cavity depth,right:cavity inlet diameter)

图12 不同粒径颗粒的有限元模型

Fig.12 Finite element models of particles with different sizes

图13 不同粒径颗粒侵彻空腔深度仿真计算结果

Fig.13 Simulated results of penetration depth of particles with different particle sizes

表4 不同粒径颗粒侵彻产生的空腔特征

Table 4 Cavity characteristics generated by particles with different sizes

入口直径与深度	粒径/μm
入口直径与深度	200	300	400	500
入口直径/mm	0.522	0.673	0.867	1.061
深度/mm	6.441	12.171	18.734	21.962

表5 不同材料颗粒侵彻产生的空腔特征

Table 5 Cavity characteristics produced by particle penetration of different materials

入口直径与深度	铝	陶瓷	钢	镍	钨合金
入口直径/mm	0.981	1.001	1.072	1.065	1.061
深度/mm	4.031	5.434	9.599	11.261	21.962

图14 侵彻过程中不同材料颗粒速度衰减曲线

Fig.14 Velocity decay curves in the particle penetration processes of different materials

图15 不同颗粒初速度侵彻空腔入口直径仿真计算结果

Fig.15 Simulated results of inlet diameter of cavity penetrated by particles at different initial velocities

表6 不同颗粒初速度侵彻产生的空腔特征

Table 6 Cavity characteristics generated by particles penetrating the soap target at different initial velocities

入口直径与深度	颗粒初速度/(m·s^-1)
入口直径与深度	400	600	800	1000
入口直径/mm	1.061	1.451	1.593	1.810
深度/mm	21.962	26.453	28.266	29.391

表7 不同粒径及侵彻深度的临界速度

Table 7 Critical velocity of particle penetration m/s

侵彻深度/mm	粒径/μm
侵彻深度/mm	100	300	500	700	900
1	305	225	195	178	166
5	477	352	305	278	260
10	578	426	370	337	314

图16 不同颗粒侵彻的临界能量密度

Fig.16 Critical energy-density of particles during penetration

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