列车碰撞事故下轮轨动态作用机理与脱轨抑制技术

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0752

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着铁路运营里程的不断增长,列车碰撞事故难以完全避免,且一旦发生将会造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。为尽可能减小列车碰撞事故中的脱轨风险,考虑车辆端部吸能装置和轮轨接触状态,建立三编组列车碰撞有限元模型,仿真模拟列车碰撞可移动障碍物和刚性墙引起的轮对动态响应;讨论不同运行速度和碰撞角度对列车脱轨行为的影响规律,提出一种安装在转向架上具备横垂向限位作用的脱轨抑制装置,分析对比安装脱轨抑制装置前后轮对的运动姿态、位移、侧滚角以及轮轨作用力。研究结果表明:列车碰撞后以横移/抬升耦合作用的形式脱轨;脱轨抑制装置可在一定程度上调整碰撞事故后轮对的运动姿态,限制轮对横移、抬升和侧滚运动,并承担部分轮轨作用力,导致轮轨迅速恢复正常接触状态,具备较好的脱轨抑制能力。

关键词: 列车碰撞, 有限元分析, 脱轨机理, 限位装置, 铁路安全

Abstract:

With the continuous increase of operating mileage of railway, the accidents induced by train collision are difficult to avoid entirely, which will cause heavy casualties and property losses once an accident happens. A finite element model of three-marshalling train is established to reduce the risk of the train derailment in collision accident as much as possible, in which the energy absorption device at the end of train and the wheel-rail contact state are considered. The dynamic responses of the wheelset caused by the train colliding with a movable obstacle and a rigid wall are simulated, respectively. The influences of train speed and collision angle on train derailment behavior are discussed. Furthermore, a derailment suppression device, which has the functions of lateral and vertical limits, installed on the bogie is proposed. The motion attitude, displacement and roll angle of wheelset, and the wheel-rail contact force before and after the installation of the derailment suppression device are analyzed and compared. The results show that the train derails in the form of lateral movement/lift coupling after the collision;the derailment suppression device can be used to adjust the motion posture of wheelset to a certain extent after the collision accident, and also limit the lateral movement, lifting and rolling motion of wheelset. The part of the wheel-rail contact force can be borne by the derailment suppression device, which causes the wheel-rail system to quickly recover to the normal contact state. The proposed device was demonstrated to have a certain derailment suppression ability. The obtained results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for collision passive safety design.

Key words: train collision, finite element analysis, derailment mechanism, limiting device, railway safety

中图分类号:

U271.91

刘腾, 周雄飞, 王成全, 敬霖. 列车碰撞事故下轮轨动态作用机理与脱轨抑制技术[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(S1): 67-78.

LIU Teng, ZHOU Xiongfei, WANG Chengquan, JING Lin. Wheel-rail Interaction Mechanism and Derailment Suppression Technology for Train Collision Accidents[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 67-78.

图/表 15

图1 列车碰撞有限元模型

Fig.1 Finite element models of train collision

图2 有限元模拟列车碰撞

Fig.2 Finite element simulation of train collision

图3 车体响应姿态

Fig.3 Responsive posture of train body

图4 轮对1轮轨接触力

Fig.4 Wheel-rail contact force of wheelset 1

图5 不同速度下列车碰撞可移动障碍物/刚性墙轮对位移

Fig.5 Wheelset displacements caused by the train colliding with the movable obstacles and the rigid wall at different speeds

图6 不同列车速度对侧滚角的影响

Fig.6 Effects of different train speeds on roll angle

图7 碰撞角度对轮对位移的影响

Fig.7 Effect of collision angle on wheelset displacement

图8 脱轨抑制装置设计方案

Fig.8 Design scheme of derailmentsuppression device

表1 脱轨抑制装置材质属性

Table 1 Material properties for derailment suppression device

材质属性	参数
材料名称	高强度合金钢NM360
屈服强度/MPa	8.00×10²
弹性模量/(N·m^-2)	2.10×10¹¹
泊松比	0.33
切线模量/(N·m^-2)	2.10×10¹⁰
质量密度/(kg·m^-3)	7.85×10³

图9 碰撞可移动障碍物脱轨抑制装置应力和应变云图

Fig.9 Stress and strain contours of derailment suppression device after collision with movable obstacle

图10 碰撞刚性墙脱轨抑制装置应力和应变云图

Fig.10 Stress and strain contours of derailment suppression device after collision with rigid wall

图11 碰撞可移动障碍物安装装置前后轮对姿态对比

Fig.11 Comparisons of the attitudes of the wheelsets before and after installing the device when colliding with the movable obstacle

图12 碰撞刚性墙安装装置前后轮对姿态对比

Fig.12 Comparisons of the attitudes of the wheelsets before and after installing the device when colliding with the rigid wall

图13 轮对横、垂向位移和侧滚角对比

Fig.13 Comparisons of lateral and vertical displacements and roll angle of wheelset

图14 头车轮轨接触力对比

Fig.14 Comparison of wheel-rail contact forces of head car

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