基于磁散射的线膛炮内表面磨损检测技术

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0346

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对线膛炮使用过程对身管内表面磨损检测的需求，建立线膛炮内表面磨损磁散射模型，研究一种线膛炮内表面磨损检测方法。在地磁环境中，基于磁偶极子模型分析阴线双侧膛线壁的二维磁偶极子模型，推导内膛、导转侧、烧蚀沟、镀层等磨损的散射磁场分布模型，通过仿真得到身管内表面磨损的磁场分布变化规律，对膛线磨损检测进行了半实物模拟试验。实验结果表明：当阳线无磨损时，阴线与阳线磁场强度差值为17.6 A/m；当阳线磨损为56.15%时，磁场强度差值减小到1.78 A/m；该方法为身管出厂和使用提供一种膛线磨损检查理论与方法。

关键词: 膛线磨损, 内膛磨损, 膛线磁场分布, 磁偶极子模型, 身管内部磁场分布

Abstract:

To meet the requirement of wear detection of the inner surface of the barrel during the use of the rifled gun, a magnetic scattering model of the inner surface wear of the rifled gun was established, and a detection method for the inner surface wear of the rifled gun was studied. In the geomagnetic environment, based on the magnetic dipole model, the two-dimensional magnetic dipole model of the rifling wall on both sides of the land was analyzed, and the scattered magnetic field distribution models of the bore, the guide side, the ablation groove, the coating and other wear is deduced. The variation law of the magnetic field distribution of the barrel’s inner surface wear was obtained by simulation. A hardware-in-the-loop simulation test was carried out for the wear detection of the rifling. The experimental results showed that when the land was not worn, the difference between the magnetic field strength of the land and the groove was 17.6 A/m; when the land wear was 56.15%, the magnetic field strength difference was reduced to 1.78 A /m. The proposed method provides a rifling wear inspection theory and method for the delivery and use of barrels.

Key words: rifle wear, bore wear, rifling magnetic field distribution, magnetic dipole model, magnetic field distribution inside the barrel

李凯, 周诗超, 温鹏, 孙建港, 龚卿青, 李沅, 韩焱. 基于磁散射的线膛炮内表面磨损检测技术[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3): 748-756.

LI Kai, ZHOU Shichao, WEN Peng, SUN Jiangang, GONG Qingqing, LI Yuan, HAN Yan. Magnetic Scattering-Based Detection Technology for Inner Surface Wear of Rifled Gun[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3): 748-756.

图/表 14

图1 地磁场与身管间角度示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the angle between the geomagnetic field and the barrel

图2 阴线处二维磁偶极子模型

Fig. 2 Two-dimensional magnetic dipole model at the groove

表1 磨损情况分类表

Table 1 Rifling wear characteristics

磨损原因	磨损分类	磨损特点
机械磨损	内膛磨损	膛线的阳线部分高度降低
机械磨损	导转侧磨损	膛线的阳线变窄
热化学烧蚀	局部烧蚀沟	在阴线部分出现凹槽
热化学烧蚀	镀层磨损	阳线的磨损具有随机性和不对称性

图3 膛线磨损情况示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of rifling wear

图4 膛线磨损处二维磁偶极子模型

Fig. 4 Two-dimensional magnetic dipole model of rifling wear

图5 身管施加地磁场示意图

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the geomagnetic field applied by the gun barrel

表2 仿真设置磨损量

Table 2 Wear amount set by simulation

磨损类型	磨损量设置
内膛磨损	将右侧膛线向下磨损Δh为0.3 mm
导转侧磨损	将右侧膛线向右磨损Δa设置为0.15 mm
烧蚀沟磨损	在阴线底部正中位置设置一条长2 $Δ a =0.3 mm$ ，深 $Δ a =0.3 mm$ 的烧蚀沟
镀层磨损	在阴线右侧将阳线棱角打磨成弧形，最大磨损处磨损量约0.3 mm

表2 仿真设置磨损量

Table 2 Wear amount set by simulation

磨损类型	磨损量设置
内膛磨损	将右侧膛线向下磨损Δh为0.3 mm
导转侧磨损	将右侧膛线向右磨损Δa设置为0.15 mm
烧蚀沟磨损	在阴线底部正中位置设置一条长2 $Δ a =0.3 mm$ ，深 $Δ a =0.3 mm$ 的烧蚀沟
镀层磨损	在阴线右侧将阳线棱角打磨成弧形，最大磨损处磨损量约0.3 mm

图6 膛线在不同类型磨损情况下磁场的分布情况

Fig. 6 Magnetic field intensity distribution around the muzzle under different wear conditions

图7 磁倾角I变化下的y轴磁场强度(D=90°)

Fig. 7 y-axis magnetic field strength under the change of the magnetic inclination angle I (D=90°)

图8 磁偏角D变化下的y轴磁场强度(I=0°)

Fig. 8 y-axis magnetic field strength under the change of magnetic declination D (I=0°)

图9 标定筒模型参数

Fig. 9 Calibration cylinder model parameters

图10 实验装置图

Fig. 10 Diagram of the experimental setup

图11 旋转实验结果

Fig. 11 Rotation experiment results

表3 磨损部位磁场强度变化详情

Table 3 Details of changes in magnetic field strength at worn parts

磨损量/mm	阳线到阴线的磁场变化/(A·m^-1)
0	-17.6
0.25	-8.48
0.82	-2.13
1.37	-1.78

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