微型高压二维活塞泵的设计与容积效率

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2022.02.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为满足对空间和质量要求严格的设备对液压泵小型化的要求，基于二维泵结构研发一种微型高压二维活塞泵。该泵的活塞具有转动和直动两个运动自由度，在导轨和滚轮的配合下，活塞的转动被转化为往复运动，从而完成吸排油的功能。通过求解压力特性方程得到排油腔压力的数值解，进而得出各部分流量损失和容积效率，并发现泵的困油和倒灌现象。基于分析仿真预测的流量曲线发现，流量损失主要由倒灌损失、间隙泄漏组成，其中倒灌流量与转速呈正比，占总损失约50%~78%。制造排量为61.6 mm³/r的样机，并搭建实验台测试容积效率。实验结果表明，在排油腔压力30 MPa下，当转速从2 000 r/min到7 000 r/min，效率从82.7%上升到85.8%，实验值与仿真值最大绝对误差约为6%。

关键词: 活塞泵, 流体传动与控制, 微型泵, 容积效率, 泄漏, 倒灌

Abstract: A micro hydraulic piston pump based on two-dimensional micro-pump structure was developed to meet the stringent requirements on space and weight of hydraulic equipment. The piston of this pump has two degrees of freedom of movement: rotation and linear movement. With the cooperation of guide rail and roller, the rotation of piston is converted into reciprocating motion, thereby completing the function of sucking and discharging oil. The pressure characteristic equation is solved to obtain the numerical solution of discharge chamber pressure and then the flow rate loss and volumetric efficiency of each part, and find the trapped oil and backflow phenomena. By analyzing the flow rate curve, it is found that the flow rate loss is mainly attributed to backflow flow rate loss and gap leakage. The backflow flow rate is proportional to the rotation speed, accounting for about 50%-78% of the total loss. A test bench was set up to test the volumetric efficiency. The experimental result show that the volumetric efficiency increases from 82.7% to 85.8% when the rotation speed increases from 2 000 r/min to 7 000 r/min at 30 MPa, and the maximum difference between the experimental value and the simulated value is about 6%.

Key words: pistonpump, fluidpowertransmissionandcontrol, micropump, volumetricefficiency, leakage, backflow

中图分类号:

TH137.51

陈勇, 李胜, 阮健, 吴常盛, 张浩. 微型高压二维活塞泵的设计与容积效率[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(2): 423-433.

CHEN Yong, LI Sheng, RUAN Jian, WU Changsheng, ZHANG Hao. Design and Volumetric Efficiency of Micro High-pressure Two-dimensional Piston Pump[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(2): 423-433.

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