应用于穿墙雷达的超宽带Vivaldi天线设计

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1052

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足穿墙雷达对超宽带、高增益、小型化天线的需求,提出一种应用于穿墙雷达的新型超宽带Vivaldi天线。通过设计具有梯度分布的斜槽,优化天线表面电流,改善天线增益;加载非对称性椭圆曲率引向器耦合高频能量,改善天线高频增益。天线工作频段为1~3GHz,增益达到7dBi,具有定向对称辐射特性及良好的时域响应特性,天线尺寸为160mm×150mm×1.5mm。在全波仿真软件中进行穿墙场景模拟,对天线的穿墙辐射能力和墙后目标检测能力进行验证,透射信号和目标回波信号表明天线具备穿墙雷达天线的性能。

关键词: 穿墙雷达, Vivaldi天线, 超宽带, 高增益

Abstract:

In order to meet the needs of ultra-wideband (UWB), high-gain, and miniaturized antenna for through-wall radar, a new ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna for through-wall radar is proposed. The antenna surface current is optimized and the antenna gain is improved by designing a chute with gradient distribution. An asymmetric elliptical curvature director is loaded to couple the high-frequency energy and improve the high-frequency gain of antenna. The working frequency band of the antenna is 1-3GHz, and its gain reaches 7dBi. The antenna has the directional symmetrical radiation characteristics and good time-domain response characteristics. The antenna size is 160mm×150mm×1.5mm. The through-wall scene is simulated by using the full-wave simulation software to verify the antenna’s through-wall radiation capability and target detection capability behind the wall. The transmission signal and target echo signal indicate that the Vivaldi antenna has the performance of a through-wall radar antenna.

Key words: through-wall radar, Vivaldi antenna, ultra-wideband, high-gain

中图分类号:

TM937

甄法健, 刘云清, 李兴广, 佟永财. 应用于穿墙雷达的超宽带Vivaldi天线设计[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4508-4516.

ZHEN Fajian, LIU Yunqing, LI Xingguang, TONG Yongcai. Design of UWB Vivaldi Antenna for Through-wall Radar[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4508-4516.

图/表 19

图1 天线结构图

Fig.1 Antenna structure diagram

表1 天线参数

Table 1 Antenna parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
W_ant/mm	160	L_ant/mm	150
W_g/mm	100	L_l/mm	20
W_m/mm	2.72	L_s/mm	15

图2 不同梯度值对天线性能的影响

Fig.2 Effect of different gradient values on antenna performance

图3 不同倾斜角对天线性能的影响

Fig.3 Effect of different tilt angles on antenna performance

图4 天线电流分布示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of antenna current distribution

图5 加载顶部边缘槽对天线增益的影响

Fig.5 Effect of loading top edge slot on antenna gain

图6 加载非对称型引向器对天线增益的影响

Fig.6 Effect of loading asymmetric director on antenna gain

图7 天线回波损耗与增益

Fig.7 Antenna return loss and gain

图8 天线3D方向图

Fig.8 Antenna 3D pattern

图9 天线样机

Fig.9 Antenna prototype

图10 天线测试环境

Fig.10 Antenna test environment

图11 天线回波损耗测试对比

Fig.11 Antenna return loss measured comparison chart

图12 时域波形对比

Fig.12 Time-domain waveform comparison chart

图13 双天线墙体透射模型

Fig.13 Double antenna wall transmission model

图14 墙体厚度对透射信号的影响

Fig.14 Effect of wall thickness on transmitted signal

图15 水平面电场分布

Fig.15 Distribution of electric field on horizontal plane

图16 双天线墙后目标检测模型

Fig.16 Target detection model of dual antenna behind wall

图17 墙后有无目标对回波信号的影响

Fig.17 The influence of target or no target behind the wall on the echo signal

表2 穿墙雷达天线性能对比

Table 2 Comparison of through-wall radar antenna performances

天线	工作频段/GHz	增益/dBi	尺寸/mm
本文设计天线	1~3	5.0~7.5	160×150
文献[13]天线	4~6	4.0~7.5	110×81
文献[14]天线	2.94~3.54	5	33×24
文献[16]天线	0.5~2.5	5~10	250×200
文献[17]天线	1.7~11.4	1~8	128×70
文献[18]天线	1.87~2.91	6.8~9.8	150×80
文献[21]天线	2~4	≤10	280×150

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