双装药同步爆炸钢筋混凝土梁毁伤效应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0286

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究双装药同步爆炸载荷对钢筋混凝土梁的毁伤效应,开展了钢筋混凝土梁双装药同步爆炸试验,得到了混凝土梁的破坏特征和位移响应。基于试验结果,利用有限元仿真软件建立了相应的钢筋混凝土梁双装药同步爆炸仿真模型,考虑了简支边界条件的影响。通过对比混凝土梁的局部破坏特征以及最大位移响应,验证了仿真模型的可靠性。基于此,进一步研究双装药同步爆炸时装药间距和炸高对混凝土梁破坏特征和位移响应的影响。此外,对比相同炸高下双装药和总质量相同的单个装药对混凝土梁的毁伤效应。研究结果表明:随着装药间距的增大,混凝土梁的破坏模式由局部破坏逐渐变为冲切破坏。由于双装药同步爆炸冲击波叠加增强效应的影响,混凝土梁位移响应和迎爆面破坏范围随着装药间距的增加呈现先增大、后减小的变化趋势。对于破坏模式,双装药作用下混凝土梁的局部破坏比等质量单装药作用时更加均匀,破坏范围更大,尤其是对迎爆面的破坏;对于位移响应,存在一个关于装药间距的区间范围,在该范围内双装药作用下混凝土梁的位移响应大于等质量单装药作用下混凝土梁的位移响应:炸高越小,该区间范围越大,装药质量越大,该区间范围越大。

关键词: 双装药, 同步爆炸, 混凝土梁, 叠加冲击波, 装药间距, 毁伤范围

Abstract:

To study the damage effect of synchronous explosive loading of double charges on reinforced concrete (RC) beams, the experiments were conducted on RC beams subjected to the synchronous explosive loading of double charges. The damage characteristics and displacement response of RC beams were obtained through the experiments. Based on the experimental results, a corresponding RC beam synchronous explosion simulation model with double charges is established using finite element simulation software, considering the influence of simply supported boundary conditions. The reliability of the simulation model is verified by comparing the local failure characteristics and maximum displacement responses of RC beams from experiments and simulation. Based on this, the effects of charge spacing and blast height on the failure characteristics and displacement of concrete beams during synchronous explosion of double charges are further studied. In addition, the damage effects of double charges and equivalent single charges on the concrete beams at the same blast height are compared. The results show that the failure mode of concrete beams gradually changes from local failure to punching shear failure with the increase of charge spacing. As the charge spacing increases, the displacement response and front surface failure of concrete beam shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, mainly due to the enhancement effect of shock wave superposition during synchronous explosions of two charges. Besides, compared to the destructive effect of a single charge with the same total mass on concrete beams, the local damage of RC beams under the action of double charges is more uniform. Moreover, there exists a range of intervals related to charge spacing, within which the displacement response of RC beams under double charges is greater than that under equal mass single charge: the smaller the blast height, the larger the range of this interval; The larger the charge mass, the larger the range of this interval.

Key words: double charges, synchronous explosion, RC beams, superimposed shock wave, charge spacing, damage range

中图分类号:

TJ301

许迎亮, 刘彦, 闫俊伯, 白帆, 于浩, 李旭, 王虹富. 双装药同步爆炸钢筋混凝土梁毁伤效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3719-3732.

XU Yingliang, LIU Yan, YAN Junbo, BAI Fan, YU Hao, LI Xu, WANG Hongfu. The Damage Effect of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Synchronous Explosion of Double Charges[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3719-3732.

图/表 30

图1 钢筋混凝土梁尺寸示意图[23]

Fig.1 Details of reinforced concrete beam[23]

图2 测试系统示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of test system

图3 铰支座

Fig.3 Hinged support

图4 位移计

Fig.4 Displacement sensor

图5 自由场压力传感器

Fig.5 Free field pressure sensor

图6 混凝土梁爆炸测试装置实物图

Fig.6 Explosion test setup for RC beams

表1 试验工况

Table 1 Test program

序号	装药质量M/kg	H/cm	L/cm
1	1
2	0.5+0.5	25	20
3	0.5+0.5		50

图7 梁1∶1kg TNT

Fig.7 Beam 1∶1kg TNT

图8 梁2∶0.5kg+0.5kg,L=20cm

Fig.8 Beam 2∶0.5kg+0.5kg,L=20cm

图9 梁3∶0.5kg+0.5kg,L=50cm

Fig.9 Beam 3∶0.5kg+0.5kg,L=50cm

表2 局部破坏结果

Table 2 Results of local failure

序号	M/kg	H/cm	L/cm	L_c/cm	L_p/cm	L_s/cm
1	1			18	35	96.4
2	0.5+0.5	25	20	26	49	76
3	0.5+0.5		50		49

图10 位移响应对比

Fig.10 Comparison of displacement responses

图11 钢筋混凝土梁双装药同步爆炸仿真模型

Fig.11 FE model of RC beams under double explosion

表3 TNT炸药的材料模型和状态方程参数[23]

Table 3 aterial model and EOS parameters of TNT explosives[23]

ρ_e/(g·cm^-3)	D/(cm·μs^-1)	p_CJ/MPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	R₁	R₂	ω	e₀/MPa
1.63	6.93	0.21	3.712	0.03231	4.15	0.95	0.30	0.07

表4 空气的材料模型和状态方程参数[23]

Table 4 Material model and EOS parameters of air[23]

ρ_a/(g·cm^-3)	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	E₀/MPa
1.225	0	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	2.5×10⁶

图12 仿真与试验结果对比: 局部破坏

Fig.12 Comparison of simulated and test results of local failure

图13 仿真与试验结果对比:跨中位移

Fig.13 Comparison of simulated and test results of displacement

图14 仿真与试验结果对比: 峰值超压

Fig.14 Comparison of simulated and test results of pressure

图15 炸高为25cm时装药间距L对梁毁伤模式的影响

Fig.15 Effect of charge space L on the damage mode of RC beams for H=25cm

图16 装药间距L对侧面剥落跨度和压碎深度的影响

Fig.16 Effect of charge space L on the side peeling-off failure span and top crushing depth

图17 装药间距L对混凝土梁最大位移的影响

Fig.17 Effect of charge space L on the max displacement

图18 双装药同步爆炸冲击波作用原理示意图

Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the action principle of synchronous explosion shock wave of double charges

图19 梁上反射峰值超压分布和冲击波到达时间的比较

Fig.19 Comparisons of peak reflected overpressure distribution and shock wave arrival time on RC beams

图20 炸高对破坏模式的影响

Fig.20 Effect of burst height on the failure modes

图21 炸高对最大位移的影响

Fig.21 Effect of stand-off distance on maximum displacement

图22 毁伤形貌对比

Fig.22 Comparison of failure characteristics of RC beams under the action of double charges and single charge

图23 局部破坏跨度对比

Fig.23 Comparison of local failure spans

图24 震塌破坏发生位置应力波对比

Fig.24 Comparison of stress waves at locations where spallation occurs

图25 装药总质量相同时,单装药和双装药分别作用下混凝土梁最大位移对比

Fig.25 Comparison of maximum displacements of RC beams under the action of two charges and an equivalent single charge

图26 混凝土梁位移增强系数γ与装药间距L的关系

Fig.26 Relationship between displacement enhancement coefficient γ and charge space

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