大型双板导波天线对核电磁脉冲传输损耗和畸变特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1243

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大型导波核电磁脉冲模拟器可为系统级装备试验提供自由空间辐照环境。针对此类模拟器常用的双板导波天线可能存在的传输损耗和波形畸变问题,以电磁仿真软件和算例对比分析研究了3种主要的影响因素,包括土壤的介电损耗及其抑制、前锥板向平行板转折的结构不连续、线栅阵列代替金属板的缝隙泄漏。研究结果表明:对上下极板等宽的情形,土壤损耗可使电压传输效率降低25%以上;适当展开下极板宽度可屏蔽土壤损耗;上极板转折处的结构不连续可导致平行段试验空间内电场呈现双峰交叠、幅度降低、波形畸变等特征;最大线间距0.3m不会导致前沿显著变化。作为工程应用案例,设计了前锥长度60m、顶高15m、下极板拓宽3m、由100根线栅阵列构成上极板的导波天线,试验空间超过20m×20m×10m,实现了前沿2.5~3.0ns双指数脉冲的无损耗、无畸变传输。

关键词: 核电磁脉冲, 双板导波天线, 传输损耗, 波形畸变, 金属线栅

Abstract:

Large guided-wave nuclear electromagnetic pulse simulators are used to produce a free-space illumination environment for testing system-level equipment. For the two-plate guided-wave antenna usually used in these simulators, there may exist the transmission loss or waveform distortion problems as if the design has not been optimized. Several main influencing factors are analyzed with electromagnetic simulation software and comparisons of series of examples. These factors include the permittivity loss of soil and its suppression, the discontinuity of structure from the front conic plate to the parallel plate, the field energy leakage through the wire gaps for the wire-array upper plate, and so on. It is shown that, for the usual case of equal widths of the upper and ground plates, the dissipation of soil beneath the ground plate shall result in the loss of voltage transmission efficiency greater than 25 percent. And the lower-plate width is properly enlarged to screen the loss of soil, which almost eliminates the transmission efficiency loss of voltage. Secondly, the discontinuity of structure at the turning point of the upper plate shall result in a duplex peak characteristic of E-field waveforms with lowered amplitudes and distorted profiles for most view points in the parallel section. For the wire-gap leakage effect, a maximal wire-gap of 0.3m may be sufficient to maintain the fast rise time of the exciting pulse. Finally, as an application example, a guided-wave antenna is designed to obtain a test volume greater than 20m×20m×10m,which has a 60-meter-long and 15-meter-high conical section consisting of 100 wires and a ground plate with an enlarging width of 3 meters. The antenna can transmit the double-exponential pulse with 2.5-3ns rise time fairly well to the main test volume.

Key words: nuclear electromagnetic pulse, two-plate guided-wave antenna, transmission loss, waveform distortion, metal wire array

中图分类号:

TN821⁺.1

吴刚, 肖晶, 谢霖燊. 大型双板导波天线对核电磁脉冲传输损耗和畸变特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(4): 1311-1320.

WU Gang, XIAO Jing, XIE Linshen. Loss and Distortion Characteristics of Large Two-plate Guided-wave Antennas for Transmitting Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(4): 1311-1320.

图/表 12

图1 对自由空间平行双板单元的仿真结果

Fig.1 Simulation results of the free-space parallel two-plate unit

图2 土壤介质对宽2m、高1m双板天线单元场分布影响

Fig.2 Effect of soil on E-field distribution of a parallel two-plate unit with w=wd=2m and h=1m

图3 对脉冲激励锥板结构的建模

Fig.3 Simulation models of conical two-plate antenna

表1 地极板条件变化对馈入阻抗的影响

Table 1 Effect of the ground conditions on the input impedances

地极板条件	电流峰值/A	馈入阻抗/Ω
自由空间	440	114
湿土壤	487	103
干土壤	469	107
土壤全屏蔽	563	89
地极板拓宽δ=5m	569	88
地极板拓宽δ=3m	571	88
地极板拓宽δ=1.5m	569	88
地极板拓宽δ=0.5m	567	88

图4 改变地极板条件对中心平面的极板内外电场峰值影响

Fig.4 Effect of the ground-plate conditions on the peak E-field strengths in the central plane outside and inside the upper plate

表2 靠近上下极板边缘的测点电场峰值变化

Table 2 Variation of peak E-field strengths near the edges of two plateskV/m

地极板条件	测点/m
地极板条件	(40,10,1)	(60,10,1)	(60,10,10)
自由空间	5.4	3.7	3.3
湿土	2.8	2.1	2.6
地极板拓宽δ=5.0m	3.8	3.0	3.5
地极板拓宽δ=3.0m	3.7	2.9	3.5
地极板拓宽δ=1.5m	3.5	2.8	3.3
地极板拓宽δ=0.5m	3.3	2.6	3.1

图5 地极板条件对双板电压传输效率的影响

Fig.5 Effect of the ground-plate conditions on the voltage transmission efficiencies of two plates

图6 中轴平面内从前锥段到平行段的波阵面变化

Fig.6 Transition of the wave fronts from the conical stage to the parallel stage on the central plane

图7 平行段内不同位置电场波形对比

Fig.7 Comparison of E-field strength waveforms in the parallel stage

表3 上极板采用金属板和线栅阵列的电场前沿比较

Table 3 Comparison of the rise times of E-field strengths of the upper plate made by solid conductor and N wiresns

位置	测点/m	金属板	N
位置	测点/m	金属板	100	48	24
中轴面内近地测点	(40, 0, 1)	2.6	2.6	2.8	3.2
	(50, 0, 1)	2.6	2.7	2.8	3.0
	(60, 0, 1)	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.9
中轴面近上板测点	(50,0, 10)	2.5	2.6	3.6	4.9
中轴面近上板测点	(60,0, 10)	2.8	2.9	3.6	4.8
近极板边缘测点	(50,10,10)	2.4	3.5	5.3	7.4
近极板边缘测点	(60,10,10)	2.7	3.5	4.6	5.9

图8 顶高15m导波天线的工程设计

Fig.8 Engineering design of a 15m-high guided-wave antenna

表4 图8(c)所示各测点电场峰值波形前沿

Table 4 Peaks and rise times of E-field waveforms in Fig.8(c)

位置	测点/m	E_p/(kV·m^-1)	t_r/ns
	(40, 0, 1)	97	2.9
中轴面内近地测点	(50, 0, 1)	77	2.9
	(60, 0, 1)	64	3.0
中轴面近上板测点	(50, 0, 10)	85	2.8
中轴面近上板测点	(60, 0, 10)	69	3.1
	(40, 10, 1)	69	3.0
近极板边缘测点	(50, 10,10)	99	3.5
	(60, 10, 1)	55	2.9
	(60, 10, 10)	69	3.6

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