空心阴极羽流等离子体放电不稳定性二维仿真模型

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0946

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空心阴极放电过程中空间电势振荡会影响其工作性能,振荡过程产生的高能离子会对阴极孔产生溅射腐蚀,进而严重影响空心阴极的使用寿命。建立由质点网格(Particle-in-Cell,PIC)模型、振荡幅值模型与等效电路模型组成的一体化耦合模型来计算空心阴极放电过程电势振荡特性。采用PIC模型计算不同放电电流、放电电压及气体流量下羽流等离子体放电特性,获得羽流的电势、等离子数密度、电场强度和电子温度等时均参数的空间分布。基于等离子体聚集与耗散理论,建立电势振荡幅值模型,根据计算得到的时均参数来预估空间电势振荡幅值。将等离子体时均参数以及电势幅值振荡参数作为输入参数,代入到空心阴极放电等效电路模型中,从而得到相应工况下的电势振荡波形图。通过和实验结果对比发现,所建立的一体化耦合模型能较好地预估空心阴极羽流等离子体电势振荡特性,研究成果可用于指导空心阴极稳定放电,提升空心阴极在轨工作时限。

关键词: 空心阴极, 质点网格模型, 电势振荡, 等效电路模型, 等离子体聚集与耗散

Abstract:

In the process of hollow cathode discharge, the space potential oscillation affects its working performance, and the high-energy ions generated in the oscillation process cause sputtering corrosion to the cathode orifice, which seriously affect the lifetime of hollow cathode. In this paper, an integrated coupling model consisting of prticle-in-cell (PIC) model, oscillation amplitude model and equivalent circuit model is established to calculate the potential oscillation characteristics of hollow cathode. Firstly, PIC model is used to calculate the discharge characteristics of plume plasma under the conditions of different discharge currents, discharge voltages and gas flow rates, and the spatial plasma distribution of time-averaged parameters such as plume potential, plasma number density, electric field strength and electron temperature is obtained. Secondly, based on the plasma aggregation and dissipation theory, the potential oscillation amplitude model is established, and the spatial potential oscillation amplitude is estimated according to the calculated time-averaged parameters. Finally, the plasma time-averaged parameters and potential amplitude oscillation parameters are taken as input parameters and brought into the hollow cathode discharge equivalent circuit model to obtain the potential oscillation waveform under the corresponding working conditions. By comparing with the experimental results, it is found that the integrated coupling model established in this paper can predict the plasma potential oscillation of hollow cathode plume, and the research results can be used to guide the stable discharge of hollow cathode, thus improving its service lifetime.

Key words: hollow cathode, prticle-in-cell model, potential oscillation, equivalent circuit model, plasma aggregation and dissipation

中图分类号:

田丰, 苗龙, 梁福文, 宋家辉, 何梓豪, 武志文, 王宁飞. 空心阴极羽流等离子体放电不稳定性二维仿真模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(4): 1208-1218.

TIAN Feng, MIAO Long, LIANG Fuwen, SONG Jiahui, HE Zihao, WU Zhiwen, WANG Ningfei. Research on Two-dimensional Simulation Model of Discharge Instability of Hollow Cathode Plume Plasma[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(4): 1208-1218.

图/表 18

图1 空心阴极地面试验基本方案示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of hollow cathode ground test

图2 空心阴极放电振荡实验诊断测量装置示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of diagnostic measuring device for hollow cathode discharge oscillation experiment

图3 PIC仿真流程

Fig.3 Flow chart of PIC simulation

图4 空心阴极RC等效电路

Fig.4 RC equivalent circuit for hollow cathode

图5 二维空心阴极放电振荡预估模型流程

Fig.5 Flow chart of hollow cathode discharge oscillation prediction

图6 仿真计算域

Fig.6 Simulation calculation domain

图7 3A工况下空心阴极出口附近电子温度

Fig.7 Electron temperature near the outlet of hollow cathode (3A)

图8 5A工况下空心阴极出口附近电子温度

Fig.8 Electron temperature near the outlet of hollow cathode (5A)

图9 空心阴极出口附近电势振荡

Fig.9 Potential pulse near the outlet of hollow cathode

表1 仿真输入参数

Table 1 Simulation input parameters

工况	工质流量/sccm	电流/A
1	2.5	9
2	7.5	3
3	7.5	9

图10 空间电势的PIC仿真结果

Fig.10 PIC simulated results of space potential

图11 不同放电工况下的空间电势最大值

Fig.11 Maximum space potential under different discharge conditions

图12 电场强度的PIC仿真结果

Fig.12 PIC simulated results of electric field strength

图13 离子密度的PIC仿真结果

Fig.13 PIC simulated results of ion density

图14 电子密度的PIC仿真结果

Fig.14 PIC simulated results of electronic density

图15 电子温度的PIC仿真结果

Fig.15 PIC simulated results of electron temperature

图16 工况1下空心阴极羽流电势振荡幅值

Fig.16 Potential oscillation amplitude of hollow cathode plume under Condition 1

图17 工况1下空心阴极羽流

Fig.17 Hollow cathode plume under Condition 1

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