反潜战斗部对耐压壳结构的毁伤威力评估方法与实验

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0871

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对反潜(鱼雷/深弹)战斗部多类型、水下爆炸多效应以及目标结构多样式等特点,研究归一化的战斗部毁伤威力表征与评估方法。基于最具代表性的艇体结构(耐压壳)毁伤,综合考虑大变形、撕裂破口和聚能穿孔等效应,提出一种通过综合毁伤威力指数量化表征并评估战斗部毁伤威力的方法,适用于各种典型反潜战斗部以及典型单层、双层壳体结构。设计模拟单层、双层壳体结构的毁伤效应靶标,进行爆破、聚能和聚爆3种模拟战斗部的海上试验,分别获得了3种战斗部对两种壳体结构的综合毁伤威力指数,并据此完成了量化对比与分析。研究结果表明:所提评估方法可量化给出同一战斗部对不同艇体结构,以及不同战斗部对同一艇体结构的毁伤威力差别;同等条件下,爆破和聚能战斗部分别对单层、双层壳体靶标具有相对更大的毁伤威力,聚爆战斗部对两种类型结构靶标伤威力均优于单纯的爆破或聚能战斗部; 不同战斗部对双层壳体靶标较单层壳体靶标的毁伤威力均有所下降,其中爆破战斗部下降90%以上,聚爆战斗部下降近80%,而聚能战斗部下降只有不到20%。

关键词: 反潜战斗部, 毁伤威力评估, 威力指数

Abstract:

Considering the characteristics of different anti-submarine (torpedo/depth charge) warheads, including multiple effects of underwater explosions, and multiple styles of target structures, the normalized comprehensive damage power characterization and assessment of warheads were studied. Based on the damage of the most representative hull structure (pressure hull) and comprehensively considering the effects of large deformation, tearing, and perforation, a method to quantitatively characterize and evaluate the power of the warhead through a comprehensive damage power index was proposed. A test target simulating the damaging effect of single-hull, and the double-hull was designed, and three model warheads were tested. The comprehensive power of the three warheads against the two types of structures was obtained. The results showed that: the proposed comprehensive power assessment method has scientific rationality and engineering practicability; it can quantitatively compare and analyze the differences in the damage power of the same warhead to different hull structures and the damage power of different warheads to the same hull structure; under the same conditions, the blast warhead and the shaped charge warhead had relatively greater damage to the single-hull target and double-hulled targets; implosion warheads had better damage power to both types of targets; for different targets, the damage power of the blast warhead, the implosion warhead, and the implosion warhead dropped by more than 90%, nearly 80%, and less than 20%, respectively.

Key words: anti-submarine warhead, lethality assessment, power index

王树山, 桂秋阳, 卢熹, 贾曦雨, 高源, 梁策. 反潜战斗部对耐压壳结构的毁伤威力评估方法与实验[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 919-928.

WANG Shushan, GUI Qiuyang, LU Xi, JIA Xiyu, GAO Yuan, LIANG Ce. Assessment and Experimental Study of Damage Power of Anti-Submarine Warhead to the Pressure Hull Structure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 919-928.

图/表 19

表1 基于综合毁伤威力指数的毁伤等级评价

Table 1 Damage levels based on the comprehensive DPI

综合毁伤威力指数	毁伤等级
ε_Ⅰ≥1	Ⅰ级
ε_Ⅰ<1∧ε_Ⅱ≥1	Ⅱ级
ε_Ⅱ<1∧ε_Ⅲ≥1	Ⅲ级

图1 综合毁伤威力指数量化评估流程

Fig.1 Flow chart of quantitative assessment of DPI

图2 试验靶标结构与实物图

Fig.2 Schematic and photo of the test target

图3 模拟双层壳体的水层套筒结构与实物图

Fig.3 Water-cylinder for double-hull simulation

图4 模拟战斗部结构示意图

Fig.4 Schematic of the model warheads

图5 试验系统海上布置与现场图

Fig.5 Layout andpicture of the offshore test system

表2 试验工况

Table 2 Test conditions

工况	战斗部类型	弹靶间介质	毁伤效应靶类型
D-1	爆破	空气	模拟单层壳体
D-2	聚能
D-3	聚爆
S-1	爆破	空气+水	模拟双层壳体
S-2	聚能
S-3	聚爆

图6 爆破战斗部对单层壳体靶标试验结果

Fig.6 Results from blast warhead against single-hull target and 3D scan picture

图7 聚能战斗部对单层壳体靶标试验结果

Fig.7 Results from shaped charge warhead against single-hull target and perforation hole

图8 聚爆能战斗部对单层壳体靶标试验结果

Fig.8 Results from implosion warhead against single-hull target

图9 爆破战斗部对双层壳体靶标试验结果

Fig.9 Results from the blast warhead against double-hull target

图10 聚能战斗部对双层壳体靶标试验结果

Fig.10 Results from shaped charge warhead against double-hull target and perforation hole

图11 聚爆战斗部对双层壳体靶标试验结果

Fig.11 Results from implosion warhead against double-hull target and perforation hole

表3 毁伤效应参数测量值

Table 3 Measured values of damage effect parameters

工况	等面积圆直径/mm	变形挠度/mm
D-1	833	512
D-2	81	368
D-3	957	549
S-1	0	304
S-2	73	284
S-3	157	318

表4 试验靶标毁伤等级与毁伤阈值

Table 4 Test target damage levels and thresholds

毁伤效应参数类型	毁伤等级	毁伤阈值/mm
	Ⅰ	ω≥430
ω	Ⅱ	430>ω≥215
	Ⅲ	215>ω≥132
	Ⅰ	ϕ≥97
ϕ	Ⅱ	97>ϕ≥62
	Ⅲ	62>ϕ≥23

表5 模拟战斗部毁伤不同结构靶标的威力指数

Table 5 DPI of the model warheads against different targets

毁伤等级	战斗部类型	$ε s i$	$ε d i$	$ε d i$ / $ε s i$
	爆破	9.61	0.76	0.08
Ⅰ	聚能	1.74	1.44	0.83
	聚爆	10.94	2.37	0.22
	爆破	16.45	1.52	0.09
Ⅱ	聚能	3.2	2.63	0.82
	聚爆	18.69	4.21	0.23
	爆破	46.78	3.04	0.06
Ⅲ	聚能	7.76	6.49	0.84
	聚爆	53.33	11.03	0.21

表5 模拟战斗部毁伤不同结构靶标的威力指数

Table 5 DPI of the model warheads against different targets

毁伤等级	战斗部类型	$ε s i$	$ε d i$	$ε d i$ / $ε s i$
	爆破	9.61	0.76	0.08
Ⅰ	聚能	1.74	1.44	0.83
	聚爆	10.94	2.37	0.22
	爆破	16.45	1.52	0.09
Ⅱ	聚能	3.2	2.63	0.82
	聚爆	18.69	4.21	0.23
	爆破	46.78	3.04	0.06
Ⅲ	聚能	7.76	6.49	0.84
	聚爆	53.33	11.03	0.21

图12 不同类型战斗部对单层壳体靶标的毁伤威力

Fig.12 DPI of different warheads against single-hull targets

图13 不同类型战斗部对双层壳体靶标的毁伤威力

Fig.13 DPI of different warheads against double-hull targets

图14 战斗部对不同类型靶标的威力指数比 ε d i/ ε s i

Fig.14 DPI ratio ε d i/ ε s i of the warhead against different targets

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