南京理工大学 瞬态物理全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210094
邮箱:zj.zhao@njust.edu.cn
收稿:2025-12-09,
网络首发:2026-07-23,
纸质出版:2026-07-31
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王安华,赵子杰,刘霄汉等.水下超音速燃气射流推力特性实验研究[J].兵工学报,2026,47(07):1-14.
WANG Anhua,ZHAO Zijie,LIU Xiaohan,et al.Experimental Study on Thrust Characteristics of Underwater Supersonic Gas Jets[J].ACTA ARMAMENTARII,2026,47(07):1-14.
王安华,赵子杰,刘霄汉等.水下超音速燃气射流推力特性实验研究[J].兵工学报,2026,47(07):1-14. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2025.1083.
WANG Anhua,ZHAO Zijie,LIU Xiaohan,et al.Experimental Study on Thrust Characteristics of Underwater Supersonic Gas Jets[J].ACTA ARMAMENTARII,2026,47(07):1-14. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2025.1083.
水下超音速燃气射流在过膨胀状态下引发的大幅值、低频推力振荡,严重制约了水下推进系统的运行稳定性,然而现有研究在真实高温工况及高精细度实验数据方面仍存在显著空白。在大型开阔水域环境中开展系统性实验,针对欠膨胀、设计工况及过膨胀3种状态下的固体火箭发动机,实现高频推力信号与高速流场图像的同步采集。实验结果表明,扩张比是决定射流稳定性的关键参量,欠膨胀与设计工况表现出稳定的推力输出与较深的穿透距离,过膨胀工况则呈现出显著的“弛豫振荡”特征,其推力频谱主导频率约为28 Hz;多物理场耦合分析证实,该振荡源于外部流体动力学驱动的“颈缩-鼓胀”周期性形态演化,与燃烧室内部压力波动无关。具体而言,环境水压驱动的射流颈缩导致上游燃气积聚,在喷管出口形成正向压差推力;而惯性主导的过膨胀鼓胀形成低压空腔,产生负向压差推力。所得结果揭示了高温燃气射流推力振荡的内在物理机制,明确了射流失稳的流体力学边界,为水下推进系统的稳定性设计提供了确凿的实验依据。
The large-amplitude and low-frequency thrust oscillations induced by the over-expanded underwater supersonic gas jets significantly compromise the operational stability of underwater propulsion systems. However, there remains a notable scarcity of high-fidelity experimental data obtained under authentic high-temperature operating conditions in existing literature. To address this gap, a systematic experimental study is conducted in a large-scale open water environment. The synchronous acquisition of high-frequency thrust signals and high-speed flow field imagery is achieved for a solid rocket motor operating under under-expansion, design and over-expansion conditions. Experimental results indicate that the nozzle expansion ratio is a critical parameter governing the stability of jet. The gas jet exhibit more stable thrust output and a greater penetration capability under under-expansion and design condition. In contrast. In the over-expanded condition, the distinct “relaxation oscillation” characteristics are assumed, and the dominant frequency of thrust spectrum is approximately 28 Hz. Coupled multi-physics analysis confirms that these oscillations originate from a periodic “necking-bulging” morphological evolution driven by external hydrodynamics, which is independent of internal pressure fluctuations of combustion chamber. Specifically, the ambient-pressure-driven jet necking induces the accumulation of upstream gas, thus generating a positive pressure differential thrust at the nozzle exit; conversely, the inertia-dominated over-expansion bulging creates a low-pressure cavity, resulting in a negative pressure differential thrust. This study elucidates the intrinsic physical mechanism of thrust oscillation in high-temperature gas jets and delineates the hydrodynamic boundaries of jet instability, providing a robust experimental foundation for the stability design of underwater propulsion systems.
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