Stress States of Anisotropic Material Gun Barrel by Firing the Projectiles with Different Jacket Materials

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0676

Abstract

Abstract:

The stress field and temperature field of barrel in the firing process of a small caliber rifle are studied. An accurate thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model of the projectile/barrel interaction during the motion of projectile in the barrel is established, in which the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of barrel and jacket materials and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of barrel steel are considered. The engraving motion patterns of steel and copper jacketed projectiles, and the change of stress state in the barrel are obtained by the numerical simulation. The simulated results show that the different materials of projectile jacket have great influence on the engraving process,the engraving resistance of steel jacketed projectile is greater than that of copper jacketed projectile, and the in-bore stress of steel jacketed projectile is also greater than that of copper jacketed projectile. The stress distributions at different axial positions of barrel are different, the maximum stress at the chamber throat is on the land driving side, and the maximum in-bore stress at the muzzle is on the groove. This work is conducive to the optimization of projectile/barrel matching.

Key words: gun barrel, thermo-mechanical coupling, bullet jacket material, anisotropic material, material thermophysical property, projectile engraving

CLC Number:

TJ203+.1

GE Zhongyu, ZHOU Kedong, LU Ye, LIU Jinhao. Stress States of Anisotropic Material Gun Barrel by Firing the Projectiles with Different Jacket Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 4119-4132.

Figures/Tables 29

Fig.1 Finite element meshes of projectile and barrel

Table 1 Mechanical properties of 30SiMn2MoV steel barrel

方向	弹性模量/ GPa	屈服极限/ MPa	抗拉强度/ MPa	伸长率/ %
径向	211		1084	10.07
周向	211	945	1067	15.52
轴向	213		988	10.86

Table 2 Thermophysical parameters of 30SiMn2MoV steel barrel

T/K	E/ GPa	ν	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	α/ K^-1	c_p/ (J·k $g - 1$ · $K - 1$ )
298	211	0.277	48.00	1.15×10^-5	480
473	202	0.286	44.70	1.28×10^-5	553
673	186	0.290	43.12	1.43×10^-5	611
873	168	0.277	37.47	1.51×10^-5	754
973	160	0.284	31.40	1.40×10^-5	849

Table 2 Thermophysical parameters of 30SiMn2MoV steel barrel

T/K	E/ GPa	ν	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	α/ K^-1	c_p/ (J·k $g - 1$ · $K - 1$ )
298	211	0.277	48.00	1.15×10^-5	480
473	202	0.286	44.70	1.28×10^-5	553
673	186	0.290	43.12	1.43×10^-5	611
873	168	0.277	37.47	1.51×10^-5	754
973	160	0.284	31.40	1.40×10^-5	849

Table 3 Material parameters of copper jacket

A/MPa	B/MPa	C	n	m	T_m/K
112	505	0.009	0.42	1.68	1331
T_r/K	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
298	0.54	4.89	-3.03	0.014	1.12

Table 4 Material thermophysical parameters of copper jacket

T/K	E/ GPa	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	α/ K^-1	c_p/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)
298	123	386	1.78×10^-5	383
403	117	400	1.78×10^-5	400
603	102	420	1.88×10^-5	420
903	90	450	2.09×10^-5	450

Fig.2 Stress-strain curve of F18 copper clad steel

Table 5 Material parameters of lead sheath and steel core

部件	E/ GPa	ρ/ (kg·m^-3)	ν	k/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	c_p/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)
铅套	17	11340	0.42	40	130
钢芯	190	7800	0.30	35	460

Fig.3 Coefficient of friction between copper jacket and barrel

Fig.4 Flowchart of VUAMP coupling calculation

Fig.5 Pressure distribution in barrel

Fig.6 Change of heat flux and forced convection coefficient

Table 6 Maximum velocities of projectile under different mesh densities

最小单元尺寸/ mm	单元数量	仿真所需时间/h	弹头最大速度仿真值/ (m·s^-1)	与试验值的相对误差/ %
0.20	556545	13.0	878.04	4.56
0.10	1113090	25.0	891.67	3.08
0.05	2226180	45.0	909.25	1.20

Fig.7 Evolution of von Mises stress for steel jacket

Fig.8 Evolution of von Mises stress for copper jacket

Fig.9 Dynamic engraving resistances

Fig.10 The simulated velocity of projectile

Fig.11 The simulated average pressure of projectile

Fig.12 Stress field and temperature field of chamber throat acted by steel jacketed projectile at the end of engraving process

Fig.13 Stress field and temperature field of chamber throat acted by copper jacketed projectile at the end of engraving process

Fig.14 Stress state of chamber throat acted by steel jacketed projectile

Fig.15 The stress state of chamber throat acted by copper jacketed projectile

Table 7 Maximum stress in chamber throat

被甲	阳线导转侧单元最大应力值	阴线单元最大应力值
钢被甲	1099MPa (von Mises) -1031MPa (S11) -876MPa (S33)	689MPa (von Mises) -443MPa (S11) 380MPa (S22)
铜被甲	1045MPa (von Mises) -901MPa (S11) -848MPa (S33)	636MPa (von Mises) -328MPa (S11) 456MPa (S22)

Fig.16 Shear stress state of chamber throat acted by steel jacketed projectile

Fig.17 Shear stress state of chamber throat acted by copper jacketed projectile

Table 8 Maximum shear stress in land element at chamber throat

被甲	阳线导转侧单元最大剪切应力值	阳线非导转侧单元最大剪切应力值
钢被甲	-295MPa (S12) -94MPa (S13) 228MPa (S23)	288MPa (S12) -54MPa (S13) -119MPa (S23)
铜被甲	-234MPa (S12) 82MPa (S13) 221MPa (S23)	242MPa (S12) -52MPa (S13) -87MPa (S23)

Fig.18 Selected element nodes at chamber throat

Fig.19 Plastic strain of chamber throat

Fig.20 Stress field and temperature field of muzzle acted by steel jacketed projectile

Fig.21 Stress field and temperature field of muzzle acted by copper jacketed projectile

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