Research on Blasting Damage Behavior of Reactive Projectile Penetrating into Ceramic Target

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0521

Abstract

Abstract:

The blasting damage mechanism of reactive projectile penetrating into a ceramic target is studied through the ballistic impact experiment. The blasting damage behaviors of reactive projectile penetrating into the ceramic target at different impact velocities and the dispersion characteristics of debris cloud are obtained from the experimen. Based on the one-dimensional stress wave theory and the activation hypothesis of reactive material,the impact initiation behavior of reactive projectile is analyzed. Furthermore,a theoretical model describing the blasting damage behavior of reactive projectile penetrating into the ceramic target is developed by combining the Bernoulli formula. The blasting damage behavior of reactive projectile penetrating into the ceramic target at different velocities are discussed based on experiment and theoretical model. The damage pattern of target,the initiation characteristics of projectile and the dispersion characteristics of debris cloud are analyzed. The results show that the deflagration reaction has a significant effect on the blasting damage behavior of the reactive projectile penetrating into the ceramic target. With the increase of impact velocity,the deflagration reaction of reactive projectile gets more intense,therefore enhancing the damage effect on the target and continuously intensifying the damage degree of ceramic target. The damage pattern of ceramic target evolves from the overall cracking to the global cracking around the central invasion hole,and gradually to the blasting fragmentation. As the impact velocity increases,the mass of the ceramic cone formed by the impact increases continuously. The dispersion velocity of ceramic debris increases first and then decreases. The morphological characteristics of debris cloud behind the target shows a trend of changing from the truncated ellipse to the dart-like shape.

Key words: reactive projectile, ballistic impact experiment, ceramic material, blasting damage behavior, debris cloud

CLC Number:

TJ410.3

LIU Aoxin, ZHANG Jiahao, ZHOU Sheng, LI Peiyu, CHEN Pengwan, LIU Rui, WANG Haifu. Research on Blasting Damage Behavior of Reactive Projectile Penetrating into Ceramic Target[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240521-.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Reactive projectile

Table 1 Mechanical properties of projectile and target

材料	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	屈服强度/ GPa	弹性模量/ GPa	维氏硬度/ GPa
Al₂O₃	3900	1.3	360	19.3
活性弹丸	7800	0.0165

Fig.2 Experimental test setup

Fig.3 Damages of ceramic plates caused by reactive projectile at different impact velocities

Table 2 Experimental results

序号	速度/ (m·s^-1)	毁伤模式	开坑尺寸/mm		裂纹数目
序号	速度/ (m·s^-1)	毁伤模式	正面	背面	裂纹数目
1	137	整体开裂			6
2	234	中心开坑	35×50	58×65	10
3	312	爆裂破碎			10

Fig.4 Repeatability experimental results and error analysis

Fig.5 Damages of ceramic plates with different target thicknesses caused by inert projectile at 400m/s impact velocity[25]

Table 3 Controlled experimental results

序号	靶板厚度/ mm	毁伤模式	开坑尺寸/mm		裂纹数目
序号	靶板厚度/ mm	毁伤模式	正面	背面	裂纹数目
1	12	整体开裂	ϕ6	40×46	4
2	10	整体开裂	ϕ6	41×45	6
3	8	中心开坑	14×15	45×47	9
4	5	中心开坑	29×42	46×47	7

Fig.6 Typical high-velocity photographic frame of reactive projectile impacting on ceramic plates at different velocities

Fig.7 Morphology of debris cloud after reactive projectile impacting on ceramic plates at different velocities

Table 4 Expansion of debris cloud profile

速度	撞击速度/(m·s^-1)		提高率/%
速度	234	312	33.3
平均径向扩展速度/(m·s^-1)	17.2	30.7	78.5
平均轴向扩展速度/(m·s^-1)	73.2	122.4	67.2

Fig.8 Typical process of reactive projectile impacting on ceramic plates

Fig.9 Impact initiation length and relaxation time of reactive projectile at different impact velocities

Table 5 Chemical energy release of reactive projectile at different impact velocities

撞击速度/(m·s^-1)	超压/MPa	化学能释能量/J	化学能释放率/%
715	0.05	3375	19.58
910	0.12	8100	46.99
1108	0.16	10800	62.65
1302	0.19	12825	74.40
1516	0.20	13500	78.32

Fig.10 Proportion of chemical energy acting on the ceramic cone in the released chemical energy

Fig.11 Typical velocity change process of reactive projectile penetrating into ceramic target

Fig.12 Typical velocity change process of inert projectile penetrating into ceramic target

Fig.13 Changes in the mass and velocity of ceramic cone and the dispersion velocity of ceramic debris at different impacting velocities

Fig.14 Morphology of debris cloud after reactive projectile impacting on ceramic plates at different velocities

Table 6 Comparison between theoretical and experimental debris cloud expansions

序号	速度/ (m·s^-1)	平均径向扩展速度/ (m·s^-1)			平均轴向扩展速度/ (m·s^-1)
序号	速度/ (m·s^-1)	理论值	实验值	误差/%	理论值	实验值	误差/%
1	234	18.0	17.2	4.7	79.4	73.2	8.5
2	312	32.8	30.7	6.8	134.4	122.4	9.8

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