Particle Emission Characteristics of Heavy Diesel Engine During Low-temperature Star-up and Warm-up

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0625

Abstract

Abstract:

The high soot particle emission during the start-up process of heavy diesel engine at low-temperature has a serious effect on the start-up efficiency. The start-up performance of diesel engine at low-temperature is influenced by the coolant and lubricating oil temperature. To reveal the soot particle emission characteristics of diesel engine during start-up process at low temperature, the in-cylinder pressures, and soot and particle emissions at different initial coolant and lubricating oil temperature conditions during start-up and warm-up are measured by single-cylinder engine bench test. The results show that the soot emission of the engine is the highest in the early stage of low-temperature start-up. With the increase of coolant and lubricating oil temperatures during warm-up, the soot emission gradually decreases, the number concentration of aggregated particles is reduced, the number concentration of nucleation mode particles is increased, and the total particle number concentration is dominated by nucleation mode particles. Increasing the initial coolant and lubricating oil temperatures under cold start-up condition reduces the soot emission during the start-up process, the number concentration, particle size, surface area and mass of nucleation mode particles decrease, the number concentration of aggregated particles decreases, and the particle surface area and mass are increased with the increase in large-sized aggregated particles. The soot and particle emissions during the start-up process can be reducedd by increasing the heating capacity of the heating pot at low temperature to increase the initial temperatures of coolant and lubricating oil, which improves the start-up efficiency and reduces environmental pollution.

Key words: diesel engine, low-temperature start-up, warm-up, particle emission, soot

CLC Number:

TK427

CAO Zhikun, WU Han, ZHANG Shuchun, ZHANG Guixian, CHANG Jiang, LI Xiangrong. Particle Emission Characteristics of Heavy Diesel Engine During Low-temperature Star-up and Warm-up[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2851-2862.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Single cylinder diesel engine test system

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of single cylinder diesel engine test system

Table 1 Single cylinder diesel engine specifications

发动机参数	缸径/ mm	冲程/ mm	排量/ L	连杆长度/ mm	压缩比	涡流比	标定扭矩转速/ (r·min^-1)	最大扭矩转速/ (r·min^-1)	标定功率/ kW
数值	132	145	1.98	262	13.5	0	2500	1800	92

Fig.3 Location of the main measurement points of intake and exhaust pipelines

Table 2 Statistical analysis of test repeatability

初始水温、油温/℃	转速/(r·min^-1)				IMEP/MPa				起动初始时刻的烟度/FSN
初始水温、油温/℃	3次试验记录值	平均值	标准差	变异系数/%	3次试验记录值	平均值	标准差	变异系数/%	3次试验记录值	平均值	标准差	变异系数/%
30	500, 500, 500	500.00	0	0	0.055, 0.055, 0.055	0.0550	0	0	1.995, 2.075, 1.899	1.9897	0.0881	4.428
45	500, 500, 500	500.00	0	0	0.055, 0.054, 0.055	0.0547	0.00058	1.060	1.697, 1.723, 1.676	1.6987	0.0235	1.383

Fig.4 In-cylinder pressure and heat release rate during engine warm-up

Fig.5 Start of ignition during engine warm-up

Fig.6 Combustion phase

Fig.7 Exhaust gas, coolant and oil temperatures during engine warm-up

Fig.8 Soot emissions during engine warm-up

Fig.9 Total particle, nucleation particle and accumulation particle concentration during cold start-up and warm-up

Fig.10 Particle size distribution during engine warm-up

Fig.11 Proportion of particle concentration during engine warm-up

Fig.12 Particle size distribution at different coolant temperatures

Fig.13 Particle concentration at different coolant temperatures

Fig.14 Median particle size at different coolant temperatures

Fig.15 Surface area of particle and its size distribution at different coolant temperatures

Fig.16 Surface area of particle at different coolant temperatures

Fig.17 Particle mass and particle size distribution distribution at different coolant temperatures

Fig.18 Particle mass at different coolant temperatures

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