Killing Effect of a Typical 7.62mm Sniper Bullet on Live Target

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0553

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the killing effect of typical 7.62mm sniper bullet on live targets at different distances, a numerical computational model is constructed using adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ASPH) method to obtain the sizes of temporary cavities caused by the bullets on ballistic gelatin at different distances and validated with the corresponding experimental results. The severity of damage that a sniper bullet may cause when it hits the human chest at 200m, 400m and 800m is obtained based on the self-developed human vulnerability assessment software. The results show that the ASPH method is suitable for solving large penetration deformation problems with a balance between computational accuracy and efficiency, the bullet with a larger angle of attack rolls earlier in the gelatin at the same penetration velocity and is subjected to greater acceleration forces, and the target thickness also has an important influence on the motion and killing effect of bullet. The size of instantaneous cavity caused by 7.62mm sniper bullet is 1.14 and 1.44 times larger than those at 400m and 800m, respectively, at 2° angle of attack. The peak acceleration of the initial phase of penetration of 7.62mm sniper bullet at 200m is 1.63 and 3.8 times higher than those at 400m and 800m, respectively, at 2° angle of attack. When the upper right side of humman xiphoid process is hitted at 200m, 400m and 800m, the MAIS injury scores are 6 (fatal), 5 (critical injury), and 4 (severe), and the NISS scores are 75, 57, and 48, respectively, and the probability of death decreases from 96.8% to 60.3% with the increase of hitting distance.

Key words: sniper bullet, ballistic gelatin, temporary cavity, human vulnerability assessment

CLC Number:

TJ012.4

YUAN Rui, WEN Yaoke, LIU Dongxu, JIA Yining, NIE Weixiao, XIA Hailong. Killing Effect of a Typical 7.62mm Sniper Bullet on Live Target[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 2973-2981.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 Finite element model of bullet impacting on gelatin

Table 1 Johnson-Cook constitutive parameters of copper-jacket lead-core components

部件	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	G/GPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m	D₁	D₂~D₅
铜被甲	8.45	46	90	292	0.01	0.025	1.09	3	0
铅芯	11.2	7	14	18	0.685	0.035	1.67	3	0

Table 2 Gelatin constitutive parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	1.03	C₁/GPa	2.38
G/MPa	0.15	C₂/GPa	7.14
σ₀/MPa	0.22	C₃/GPa	11.9
E_h/MPa	0.01	FS	0.9

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of experimental setup

Fig.3 Variation of bullet velocity with penetration depth during bullet penetration into gelatin

Fig.4 Experiment (left) and numerical analyses (right) of gelatine temporary cavity variations

Fig.5 Temporary cavity diameters at different angles of attack and different penetration velocities at 2.0ms

Fig.6 Correspondence between bullet acceleration and maximum temporary cavity area of gelatin

Fig.7 Variation of bullet acceleration with penetration depth under 4 working conditions

Fig.8 Organizational codes and AIS scores in assessment software

Table 3 NISS score corresponding to the severity of injury

NISS评分	<16	16~30	30~75
损伤程度	轻伤	重伤	危重伤

Table 4 Damage experiments of mall mass fragment penetrating into biological chest

破片质量/g	破片速度/(m·s^-1)	AIS
0.15	776.51±238.51	2.47±0.94
0.25	699.83±95.04	2.95±0.60

Table 5 Simulated results of small mass fragment penetration damage to biological chest

破片质量/g	速度/(m·s^-1)	AIS	MAIS	NISS
0.15	780	2.42	3	27
0.25	700	2.97	6	75

Fig.9 Human vulnerability assessment software interface

Table 6 Relationship between impact velocity and mortality

射击距离/m	着靶速度/(m·s^-1)	MAIS	NISS	死亡概率
200	660	6	75	0.968
400	540	5	57	0.895
800	350	4	48	0.603

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