A Human Head Finite Element Model for Blunt Ballistic Impact Injury Assessment

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.1022

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the injury mechanism of human head under blunt ballistic impact,a finite element model fitting the characteristics of Chinese 50th percentile male adult heads is constructed by the material parameter optimization,proportional scaling and fluid-structure interaction methods based on the total human model for safety (THUMS) model.LS-DYNA (Livermore software technology corporation's dynamic analyzer) is taken as a simulation platform,and the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm is used to define the fluid characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid,optimize the elastic-plastic material parameters of skull and brain tissue,and realize the localization of head size and anatomical structure through mesh deformation technology.The biomechanical response of the model is verified by comparing the data of Nahum cadaver experiment and THUMS model for the typical vulnerable parts,such as forehead,parietal wall,occipital and posterior fossa,of human body.The results show that the peak values of intracranial pressure in the vulnerable area of the improved model are 150kPa,75kPa,53kPa and 69kPa,respectively,and the error between the improved model and the experimental data is 4%-10%,and the shape of the dynamic response curve is consistent.The maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue (29.5kPa) and the principal stress of skull (18.7kPa) are close to the threshold of Marjoux and Yoganandan simulation experiment,which verifies that the proposed model could effectively predict the risk of craniocerebral injury.The assessment based on NATO AEP-103 standard indicates that the peak value of the forehead intracranial pressure under typical impact is 511.1kPa,far exceeding the threshold of skull fracture (150kPa),which highlights the optimization needs of existing protective equipment.The proposed model has strong applicability and can provide reference and theoretical support for head injury assessment and safety protection under blunt ballistic impact.

Key words: blunt ballistic impact, human head finite element model, fluid-structure interaction, injury assessment, biomechanical response

CLC Number:

TJ410.6

CHEN Bin, WANG Song, LIU Xingyu, ZHANG Zhaohui, LI Wuyang. A Human Head Finite Element Model for Blunt Ballistic Impact Injury Assessment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 241022-.

Figures/Tables 15

References 22

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头部组织	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	THUMS头部模型		改进头部模型
头部组织	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	材料类型	材料参数	材料类型	材料参数
大脑、小脑、脑干	1060	黏弹性	K=2.16GPa; G₀=12.0kPa,G_∞=6.0kPa	黏弹性	K=2.14GPa; G₀=14.0kPa,G_∞=4.0kPa
额骨、顶骨、枕部	2120	弹性	K=2.12GPa;μ=0.22	弹塑性	K=2.16GPa;μ=0.28
脑脊液	1000	黏弹性	K=2.00GPa; G₀=5.0kPa,G_∞=1.0kPa	流体	G₀=0.5kPa,G_∞=0.2kPa
头皮	1050	弹性	K=4.95GPa;μ=0.42	弹塑性	K=5.20GPa;μ=0.45
脑膜	1000	弹性	μ=0.45	弹性	μ=0.42

头部组织	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	THUMS头部模型		改进头部模型
头部组织	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	材料类型	材料参数	材料类型	材料参数
大脑、小脑、脑干	1060	黏弹性	K=2.16GPa; G₀=12.0kPa,G_∞=6.0kPa	黏弹性	K=2.14GPa; G₀=14.0kPa,G_∞=4.0kPa
额骨、顶骨、枕部	2120	弹性	K=2.12GPa;μ=0.22	弹塑性	K=2.16GPa;μ=0.28
脑脊液	1000	黏弹性	K=2.00GPa; G₀=5.0kPa,G_∞=1.0kPa	流体	G₀=0.5kPa,G_∞=0.2kPa
头皮	1050	弹性	K=4.95GPa;μ=0.42	弹塑性	K=5.20GPa;μ=0.45
脑膜	1000	弹性	μ=0.45	弹性	μ=0.42

参数/mm	数值	参数/mm	数值
头宽	158	瞳孔间距	61
头长	187	头矢状弧	350
头高	231	头冠状弧	360
头围	570	形态面长	119

参数/mm	数值	参数/mm	数值
头宽	158	瞳孔间距	61
头长	187	头矢状弧	350
头高	231	头冠状弧	360
头围	570	形态面长	119

项目/mm	测量尺寸 (THUMS)/mm	选取尺寸 (GB 10000—2023)/mm	缩放因子
头宽	163	158	0.969
头长	208	187	0.899
头高	247	231	0.935
头围	592	570	0.963
瞳孔间距	63	61	0.968
头矢状弧	362	350	0.967
头冠状弧	364	360	0.989
形态面长	129	119	0.922