激光在箔条云环境中的传输特性模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对激光引信作用时易受箔条云的影响,但箔条云对激光干扰特性研究尚不充分的问题,建立一种箔条云环境中的激光传输特性模型。建立无/有风条件下的箔条云扩散模型,得到不同环境下箔条云稳定阶段的扩散模型,确定了无/有风情况下的箔条云主干扰云团干扰作用的相似性;基于菲涅尔原理,研究单根箔条不同形态下的散射特性;对箔条云进行分割,采用连续场蒙特卡洛辐射传递模型,建立激光在箔条云环境中的传输模型,得到不同中心浓度箔条云环境中无/有目标时激光回波模型。将此模型与实测数据进行对比,验证模型的正确性。研究结果表明,箔条云干扰回波具有脉宽窄、峰值高等特点,且箔条云干扰回波的连续次数与箔条云浓度呈正相关关系,所提模型可为激光引信抗箔条云干扰研究提供支持。

关键词: 脉冲激光, 箔条云, 菲涅尔原理, 蒙特卡洛辐射传递模型, 回波模型

Abstract:

The laser fuzes are easily affected by chaff clouds, but the interference characteristics of chaff clouds on laser have not been sufficiently studied, Therefore,a laser transmission characteristic model in the chaff cloud environment is established. The diffusion models of chaff clouds under no wind/wind conditions are developed, and the diffusion models of chaff clouds at stability stage under different environments are obtained. The similarity of the interference effects of main disturbing clouds of chaff cloud in the absence/possession of wind is determined based on the laser transmission characteristic models. The scattering characteristics of single chaff under different morphologies are studied based on Fresnel principle. The chaff cloud is segmented, and a propagation model of laser in chaff cloud environment is established by using the continuous field Monte Carlo radiation transfer model. In this propagation model, a laser echo model with or without target in the chaff cloud environment with different central concentrations can be obtained. The laser echo model is verified by comparing the simulated data with the measured data. It is concluded that the chaff cloud interference echo has the characteristics of narrow pulse width and high peak value, and the continuous frequency of chaff cloud interference echo is positively correlated with the concentration of chaff cloud. The laser echo model can provide support for research on anti-chaff cloud interference of laser fuze.

Key words: pulsed laser, chaff cloud, fresnel principle, monte carlo radiation transfer model, echo model

中图分类号:

TJ43+9.2

谭钰然, 查冰婷, 郑震, 张合, 何芮. 激光在箔条云环境中的传输特性模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4597-4611.

TAN Yuran, ZHA Bingting, ZHENG Zhen, ZHANG He, HE Rui. Simulation on Transmission Characteristics of Laser in Chaff Cloud Environment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4597-4611.

图/表 34

图1 不同长度箔条

Fig.1 Chaffs with different lengths

图2 箔条云干扰原理

Fig.2 Chaff cloud interference

图3 箔条云散射原理图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of chaff dispersing

图4 箔条受空气阻力分解

Fig.4 Decomposition diagram of chaff subjected to air resistance

图5 不同θ时下降高度和水平距离的关系

Fig.5 The relationship between descent height and horizontal distance at different θ

图6 不同长度箔条水平距离与时间的关系

Fig.6 Horizontal distance-time curves of chaffs with different lengths

图7 不同长度箔条高度与时间的关系

Fig.7 Height-time curves of chaffs with different lengths

图8 箔条受力分析图

Fig.8 Stress analysis diagram of chaff

图9 微动动力学分析

Fig.9 Analysis of fretting dynamics

图10 箔条块示意图

Fig.10 Clumped chaffs

图11 箔条云运动轨迹

Fig.11 Motiontrajectories of chaff cloud

图12 不同箔条长度箔条云扩散情况

Fig.12 Diffusion of chaff cloud with different chaff lengths

图13 箔条块仿真示意图

Fig.13 Simulation diagram of chaff clusters

图14 光子与箔条圆柱面碰撞示意图

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of photon colliding with chaff cylinder

表1 箔条基本特征及环境信息

Table 1 Chaff basic characteristics and environmental information

物理变量	数值
空气折射率n₁	1
箔条折射率n₂	2.0522
θ_i/(°)	(0,90)

图15 能流反射率振幅与入射方位角θi关系

Fig.15 Relation between energy flow reflectivity amplitude and incident azimuth angle

图16 能流透射率振幅与入射方位角θi关系

Fig.16 Relation between energy flow transmittance amplitude and incident azimuth angle

图17 光子路径示意图

Fig.17 Schematic diagram of photon path

图18 分层箔条云

Fig.18 Hierarchical chaff cloud

图19 光子散射路径

Fig.19 Photon scattering path

表2 箔条弹试验结果

Table 2 Preliminary chaff bomb test results

序号	箔条弹发数	中心浓度/ (g·m^-3)	是否误发火
1	1	11.81	否
2	2	23.62	否
3	3	35.43	是

表3 仿真参数设置

Table 3 Simulation parameter Settings

仿真参数	数值
光子数	10000
发射半角φ_t/mrad	5
接收视场半角φ_r/mrad	87
接收半径r_r/mm	14
收发间距d₀/mm	58
采样时间/ns	0.5
发射脉宽/ns	10
衰减系数/m^-1	0.031
散射系数/m^-1	0.032
中心浓度/(g·m^-3)	35.43

图20 10ns脉宽归一化发射信号和接收回波信号

Fig.20 Normalized transmitted signal and received echo signal with 10ns pulse width

图21 不同发射脉宽回波信号

Fig.21 Echo signals with different transmitting pulse widths

图22 不同激光波长回波信号

Fig.22 Echo signals with different laser wavelengths

图23 回波幅值与距离关系

Fig.23 Relation between response amplitude and distance

图24 目标、箔条云激光回波仿真

Fig.24 Laser echo simulation of target and chaff cloud

图25 归一化发射信号、不同箔条云中心浓度接收回波信号

Fig.25 Normalized transmitted signals and received echo signals

图26 不均匀箔条云回波仿真

Fig.26 Heterogeneous chaff cloud echo simulation

图27 有目标下的箔条云激光回波仿真

Fig.27 Laser echo simulation of chaff cloud with target

图28 实测箔条云、目标回波

Fig.28 Measured chaff cloud and target echo

图29 脉冲激光箔条云回波特性试验场景图

Fig.29 Scene diagram of pulse laser echo characteristics test under chaff cloud condition

表4 实测结果

Table 4 Experimental result

序号	浓度/ (g·m^-3)	信号采集时间/ms	是否有箔条回波	有效回波数量	回波幅值均值/V
1	11.81	50	无	0
2	11.81	50	无	0
3	23.62	50	无	0
4	23.62	50	无	0
5	35.43	50	有	13	4.36
6	35.43	50	有	15	4.43

图30 35.43g/m3箔条云部分回波

Fig.30 35.43g/m3 chaff cloud partial echo

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