泄压坑道式工房内爆试验与数值模拟研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0480

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索复合构型坑道式工房内爆炸效应和泄压消波措施,提出泄压坑道式工房设计。通过理论分析和线性拓展预测的方法预判坑道内压力分布,建立多工况泄压坑道式工房的有限元模型。通过数值模拟得出结构内部和外部冲击波传播与衰减的规律,分析冲击波涡流成型机理以及泄压消波的过程,计算得到多工况下坑道内部和外部的压力分布规律。通过试验研究对线性拓展计算和数值模拟结果进行对比分析,揭示由丁字接头、泄压通道、膨胀室组成的复合构型坑道式工房对于消波效率的显著提升作用,得出坑道结构内泄压消波的效能以及坑道结构口部外冲击波分布规律,以期为坑道式工房的结构选型及布局优化设计提供技术支撑。

关键词: 泄压坑道式工房, 泄压消波, 冲击波传播规律, 压力分布规律

Abstract:

The propagation and attenuation effect of blast wave in a proposed partially confined tunnel structure are investigated. A three-dimensional finite element model of the partially confined tunnel structure is developed to simulate the propagation of blast wave in the partially confined tunnel and quantify the blast loading vented from the internal space to the adjacent free field. The mechanism of vortex forming, venting effect and blast wave attenuation characteristics are revealed based on the numerical predictions. The significant improvement effect of a composite configuration consisting of T-joints, venting channel, and expansion chambers on the wave attenuation efficiency is revealed by using numerical predictions and theoretical predictions based on scaling laws, the venting effect of the proposed tunnel structure is quantified. and the blast overpressure distribution in the adjacent free-field is obtained. This work can provide technical support for the structural optimization design of the partially confined tunnel.

Key words: partially confined tunnel structure, blast wave release and attenuation, blast wave propagation, pressure distribution

中图分类号:

O383.1

陈泰年, 任辉启, 李素灵, 张珊珊, 张程健, 袁野. 泄压坑道式工房内爆试验与数值模拟研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(7): 2404-2413.

CHEN Tainian, REN Huiqi, LI Suling, ZHANG Shanshan, ZHANG Chengjian, YUAN Ye. Test and Numerical Research of Explosion Inside Partially Confined Tunnel Structure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(7): 2404-2413.

图/表 24

图1 泄压坑道式工房平面示意图

Fig.1 Layout of venting tunnel

图2 模型分界面计算原理

Fig.2 Calculation principle of model interface

图3 1∶6缩尺模型试验工况

Fig.3 Testing cases of 1∶6 scale model

图4 试验模型模型内壁及口部外超压测点

Fig.4 Internal and external overpressure gauges of the model

图5 试验模型物流通道外超压测点

Fig.5 Overpressure gauges outside the portal

图6 绳索将装药吊入洞室工房模型

Fig.6 Lifting the charge in place

图7 装药完成后合盖

Fig.7 Closjng the cap after charging

图8 试验工况1、工况2宏观观测结果

Fig.8 Macroscopic observed results of the testing Cases 1 and 2

图9 超压测试典型波形

Fig.9 Typical overpressure history data

图10 管道内测点峰值压力

Fig.10 Peak pressure in tunnel

图11 口部外测点峰值压力

Fig.11 Peak pressure outside portal

图12 三维仿真模型示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of 3D simulation model

图13 仿真工况示意图

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of simulation mode

图14 洞室工房模型内冲击波向主坑道泄出

Fig.14 Shock wave releasing through main tunnel

图15 位于90°丁字接头处的压力分布

Fig.15 Pressure distribution in T-shaped tunnel

图16 丁字接头超压时程

Fig.16 Overpressure-time history inside T-shaped tunnel

图17 冲击波经过膨胀室的消波作用及流态

Fig.17 Wave attenuation and flow pattern of shock wave inside expansion chamber

图18 工程口部外压力分布云图

Fig.18 Flow pattern of shock wave outside the portal

图19 口部外超压时程

Fig.19 Overpressure-time history outside the portal

图20 模型内超压数据对比

Fig.20 Overpressures inside pipeline in different cases

表1 试验、数值模拟与经验公式结果对比

Table 1 Comparison of test, simulated and calculated results

结果	p₁/kPa	p₉/kPa	p₁₂/kPa	泄压效率/% (1-p₉/p₁)	消波效率/% (1-p₁₂/p₉)
工况1试验结果	1881	594	539	68.5	9
工况2试验结果	1604	746.6	223.8	53.5	30
工况1模拟结果	1781	628.1	245.7	64.7	60.8
工况2模拟结果	1781	598.4	176.3	66.4	70.5
工况1公式计算结果	2942	1471	301	50	79.5
工况2公式计算结果	2942	1471	60	50	95.9

图21 试验数据峰值等压线

Fig.21 Peak overpressure contour of test data

图22 数值模拟峰值等压线

Fig.22 Peak overpressure contour of simulated data

图23 数值模拟与试验典型超压时程对比

Fig.23 Simulated and test typical overpressure-time curves

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