基于拦截效率最大化的高功率微波武器系统与中近程防空武器协同作战目标分配模型

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0845

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对武器装备技术的发展对防空作战带来的挑战,提出一种基于高功率微波(HPM)武器系统与中近程防空武器协同作战目标分配设计模型。该目标分配模型首先设定作战场景,考虑HPM武器系统的软、硬杀伤效能,与中程防空导弹、近程防空导弹和末端近防炮协同作战,分析HPM武器系统及中近程防空武器的拦截效率,使用模拟退火算法给出目标分配模型求解方法,得出拦截效率最大化的防空武器分配方案。仿真实验结果表明,相比于蒙特卡洛算法和粒子群优化算法,模拟退火算法能够在更短的时间内寻找到拦截效率更高的解,有效解决协同作战中的目标分配问题,为HPM武器系统融入多武器协同防空作战系统奠定基础。

关键词: 高功率微波武器系统, 协同防空, 目标分配, 拦截效率, 模拟退火

Abstract:

A target assignment model for high-power microwave (HPM) weapon system and midium- and short-range air defense weapons is proposed for the challenges of air defense operations brought by the development of weapon equipment technology. In the target assignment model, the combat scenario is set, the soft and hard killing effectivenesses of HPM weapon system and the cooperative combat among HPM weapon system with medium-range air defense missiles, short-range air defense missiles and terminal close-range anti-aircraft guns are considered, and the interception efficiency of HPM and medium- and short-range air defense weapons is analyzed. A simulated annealing method is used to give a solution method of the target assignment model, and obtain an air defense weapon allocation scheme that maximizes the interception efficiency. The results of simulation experiments show that, compared with Monte Carlo method and particle swarm algorithm, the simulated annealing method can find a solution with higher interception efficiency in a shorter time, and can effectively solve the problem of target assignment in cooperative combat. It lays the foundation for the integration of HPM weapon system into the multi-weapon coordinated air defense combat system.

Key words: high-power microwave weapon system, cooperative air defense, target assignment, interception efficiency, simulated annealing

中图分类号:

李烨, 郑纯, 马长胜, 邱荣贤. 基于拦截效率最大化的高功率微波武器系统与中近程防空武器协同作战目标分配模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(11): 3489-3497.

LI Ye, ZHENG Chun, MA Changsheng, QIU Rongxian. Target Assignment Model for High-Power Microwave Weapon System and Medium and Short-range Air Defense Weapons in Cooperative Combat Based on Maximizing Interception Efficiency[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(11): 3489-3497.

图/表 18

图1 武器A防空拦截概率与作战距离关系示意图

Fig.1 Relationship between weapon A’s air defense interception performance and combat distance

图2 武器B防空拦截概率与作战距离关系示意图

Fig.2 Relationship between weapon B’s air defense interception performance and combat distance

图3 武器C防空拦截概率与作战距离关系示意图

Fig.3 Relationship between weapon C’s air defense interception and combat distance

图4 武器D杀伤区划分示意图

Fig.4 Division of killing area of weapon D

表1 武器D攻击效果

Table 1 Attack effect of weapon D

功率密度/ (W·cm^-2)	攻击效果	攻击对象	攻击目的
1×10^-8~ 1×10^-6	冲击和触发电子系统产生假信号	雷达、通信、导航	干扰
0.01~1	相应频段电子设备性能显著下降,甚至失效	GPS定位仪	乱码
		导航仪	失效
		控制器	失效
10~10²	耦合产生感应电流、电压,烧毁器件,造成目标电子系统瘫痪	天线	损坏
		计算机	瘫痪
		通信设备	失效
10³~10⁵	引起非线性效应,瞬间毁伤目标,引爆战斗部	导弹	引爆
10³~10⁵	引起非线性效应,瞬间毁伤目标,引爆战斗部	飞行器	烧坏

表2 典型元器件毁伤阈值

Table 2 Typical component damage thresholds

元器件	破坏阈值/J	毁伤状态
CMOS器件	10^-9	严重干扰
逻辑卡	3×10^-9	电路失常
TTL器件	8×10^-9	严重干扰
微波二极管	2×10^-6	损坏
双极晶体三极管	10^-5	损坏
运算放大器	2×10^-3	损坏

表3 武器D杀伤效果

Table 3 Killing effect of weapon D

目标距离/ km	武器D功率密度/ (W·cm^-2)	目标处波束直径/m	毁伤效果
4	12.56	29.6	损坏
10	0.02	74	失效
70	4.1×10^-4	518	干扰

图5 武器D拦截概率与距离示意图

Fig.5 Relationship between weapon D’s air defense interception performance and combat distance

图6 HPM与中近程防空武器作战区域划分示意图

Fig.6 Division of the combat area of HPM and medium-and short-range anti-aircraft weapons

表4 防空武器对目标M的拦截效率矩阵

Table 4 Interception efficiency of anti-aircraft weapons against M

防空武器	距离/km
防空武器	0~2	2~4	4~10	10~12	12~70
A	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.2
B	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.8
C	0.8	0.8	0	0	0
D	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.2

表5 防空武器对目标N的拦截效率矩阵

Table 5 Interception efficiency of anti-aircraft weapons against N

防空武器	距离/km
防空武器	0~2	2~4	4~10	10~12	12~70
A	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.1
B	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.8	0.7
C	0.7	0.7	0	0	0
D	0.8	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.1

表6 防空武器对目标Q的拦截效率矩阵

Table 6 Interception efficiency of anti-aircraft weapons against Q

防空武器	距离/km
防空武器	0~2	2~4	4~10	10~12	12~70
A	0.75	0.95	0.85	0.75	0.25
B	0.65	0.65	0.95	0.95	0.85
C	0.85	0.85	0	0	0
D	0.95	0.75	0.55	0.25	0.25

图7 来袭目标分布示意图(均匀分布)

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the distribution of incoming targets (Uniform distribution)

表7 均匀分布时不同算法作战效果及运行时间

Table 7 Operational effect and running times of different algorithms when evenly distributed

算法	拦截效能	拦截数量/ 个	最优解耗弹量/发	运行时间/ s
SA算法	3.56	6.2	14.62	4.34
PSO算法	2.27	3.92	16.88	7.72
蒙特卡洛算法	2.86	4.82	16.15	23.66

图8 来袭目标分布示意图(较远分布)

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the distribution of incoming targets (Farther distribution)

表8 较远分布时不同算法作战效果及运行时间

Table 8 Operational effect and running times of different algorithms when distributed far away

算法	拦截效能	拦截数量/ 个	最优解耗弹量/发	运行时间/ s
SA算法	1.31	2.64	7.6	4.07
PSO算法	0.85	1.71	14.15	7.74
蒙特卡洛算法	1.1	2.01	9.72	23.90

图9 来袭目标分布示意图(较近分布)

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of the distribution of incoming targets (Near distribution)

表9 较近分布时不同算法作战效果及运行时间

Table 9 Operational effect and running times of different algorithms when distributed far away

算法	拦截效能	拦截数量/ 个	最优解耗弹量/发	运行时间/ s
SA算法	3.82	6.73	15.77	4.32
PSO算法	2.78	4.86	17.10	8.40
蒙特卡洛算法	3.44	5.96	16.38	24.30

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