钢板加筋结构对柱形弹超高速侵彻能力的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0420

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为在柱形弹体超高速撞击靶板问题基础上进一步研究加筋结构对弹体侵彻能力的影响,在数值模拟方面,结合GRAY物态方程固相-液相模型、Johnson Cook(JC)强度模型以及JC失效模型作为金属本构模型,利用光滑粒子流体动力学方法开展计算。在实验方面,分别开展圆柱形弹体超高速撞击单层加筋钢板和3层加筋钢板的实验研究。结合数值模拟及实验结果,分析弹体超高速撞击加筋结构的物理机制,研究弹体倾角、弹体攻角、加筋类型、弹体直径与筋厚比对圆柱形弹体侵彻能力的影响,分析圆柱形弹体超高速撞击单层加筋钢板和3层加筋钢板问题中弹道的横向偏移。研究结果表明:在对称撞击下,在单主筋基础上增加垂直方向的主筋或副筋对弹体侵蚀长度的影响较小,弹体侵蚀长度与筋宽比随弹体直径与筋厚比的增加呈指数衰减趋势;在非对称撞击下,弹体轴线与主筋中面夹角大是引起弹体姿态发生明显变化甚至发生断裂的主要原因,而剩余弹体横向运动速度相对入射方向的剩余速度为小量;在连续撞击3层加筋钢板情况下,当主筋边界(相对弹轴远侧)与弹体边界相对弹轴的比例关系在0.6以内时,弹体仍能保持较好的侵彻能力。即使弹体相对主筋存在初始横向偏移,侵彻弹道也不会发生较大的横向偏移。

关键词: 超高速撞击, 加筋钢板, 柱形弹体, 终点弹道效应

Abstract:

In order to further study the influence of stiffened structure on the penetration ability of the projectile based on the problem of cylindrical projectile impacting the target plate at hypervelocity. In numerical simulations, the GRAY solid-liquid phase equation of state model, the JC strength model and the JC failure model are collectively taken as the metal constitutive model. The typical problems are calculated by the smooth particle hydrodynamics method. In the experiment, the single-layer stiffened steel plate and the three-layer stiffened steel plate are impacted by the cylindrical projectile at hypervelocity. Combined with the simulation and experimental results, the physical mechanism of the cylindrical projectile impacting the stiffened structure at hypervelocity is analyzed. The influence of the oblique angle, the attack angle, the type of stiffener, the radio of the projectile diameter and the stiffener thickness on the penetration ability of the cylindrical projectile is investigated. The lateral displacement of the trajectory of the cylindrical projectile as it impacts the stiffened steel plates at hypervelocity is analyzed. The results show that: in the case of symmetric impact, adding a main stiffener or auxiliary stiffener in the vertical direction on the basis of the single main stiffener has little effect on the erosion length of the projectile, and the radio of projectile erosion length to stiffener width decreases exponentially with the increase of the ratio of projectile diameter to stiffener thickness; in the case of asymmetric impact, the large angle between the axis of the projectile and the middle plane of the main stiffener is the main reason for the obvious attitude change of the projectile and even the fracture of the projectile, and the lateral motion velocity of the remaining projectile is small relative to the residual velocity in the impact direction; in the case of the projectile impacting the three-layer stiffened steel plate at hypervelocity, when the ratio of the main stiffener boundary far from the projectile axis to the projectile boundary relative to the projectile axis is within 0.6, the projectile can still maintain a good penetration ability. The penetration trajectory will not deviate greatly even if the projectile has an initial lateral displacement relative to the main stiffener.

Key words: hypervelocity impact, stiffened steel plate, cylindrical projectile, terminal ballistic effect

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

马坤, 李名锐, 陈春林, 尹立新, 冯娜, 沈子楷. 钢板加筋结构对柱形弹超高速侵彻能力的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8): 2441-2452.

MA Kun, LI Mingrui, CHEN Chunlin, YIN Lixin, FENG Na, SHEN Zikai. Influence of Stiffened Structure of Steel Plate on the Hypervelocity Penetration Ability of Cylindrical Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8): 2441-2452.

图/表 26

表1 93钨合金、Q345钢强度模型材料参数

Table 1 Strength model parameters of 93W and Q345 steel

材料	A/10⁸Pa	B/10⁸Pa	n	c	m	T_m/K	$ε · 0$ /s^-1
93钨合金	6.008	1.2	0.4944	0.059	0.8203	3683	0.001
Q345钢^[18]	3.74	7.957	0.4545	0.01586	0.8856	1795	0.001

表1 93钨合金、Q345钢强度模型材料参数

Table 1 Strength model parameters of 93W and Q345 steel

材料	A/10⁸Pa	B/10⁸Pa	n	c	m	T_m/K	$ε · 0$ /s^-1
93钨合金	6.008	1.2	0.4944	0.059	0.8203	3683	0.001
Q345钢^[18]	3.74	7.957	0.4545	0.01586	0.8856	1795	0.001

表2 93钨合金、Q345钢失效模型材料参数

Table 2 Failure model parameters of 93W and Q345 steel

材料	密度/(kg·m^-3)	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	$ε · 0$ /s^-1
93钨合金	17600	0.091	0.409	-2.460	-0.218	1.613	0.001
Q345钢	7830	-0.589	1.300	-0.616	0.0164	0.240	0.001

表2 93钨合金、Q345钢失效模型材料参数

Table 2 Failure model parameters of 93W and Q345 steel

材料	密度/(kg·m^-3)	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	$ε · 0$ /s^-1
93钨合金	17600	0.091	0.409	-2.460	-0.218	1.613	0.001
Q345钢	7830	-0.589	1.300	-0.616	0.0164	0.240	0.001

表3 剩余弹长及破片群参数实验与数值模拟对比

Table 3 Comparison of experimental and simulation results of residual projectile length and fragments parameters

序号	L/mm			v_x/(m·s^-1)			v_r/(m·s^-1)
序号	实验值	计算值	误差/%	实验值	计算值	误差/%	实验值	计算值	误差/%
1	12.53	12.75	1.76	2953	2889	-2.17	738	735	-0.41
2	18.90	19.63	3.86	2457	2453	-0.16	482	530	9.96

图1 数值模拟破片群形貌与第1发实验结果比较(33.4μs)

Fig.1 Comparison of simulated fragment morphology with the first round experimental results (33.4μs)

图2 数值模拟破片群形貌与第2发实验结果的比较(39.3μs)

Fig.2 Comparison of simulated fragment morphology with the second round experimental results (39.3μs)

图3 圆柱形弹体超高速撞击加筋钢板数值模拟模型

Fig.3 Simulation model of cylindrical projectile impacting stiffened steel plate

表4 不同倾角条件下剩余弹体力学参量的统计结果

Table 4 Results of the mechanical parameters of the residual projectile at different oblique angles

序号	代号	剩余长度/mm	侵蚀长度/mm	剩余速度/ (m·s^-1)	是否断裂	挠度/ mm	攻角/ (°)
1	Z0	61.08	23.92	1939.7	否	0	0
2	Q-y5	65.28	19.72	1939.5	是	13.1	1.0
3	Q-y10	70.82	14.18	1952.3	是	10.9	1.0
4	Q-z5	60.71	24.29	1940.8	否	0	0.3
5	Q-z10	60.44	24.56	1942.0	否	0	0.3

图4 Q-y5模型撞击前、中、后期弹靶形貌

Fig.4 Morphology of projectile and target before, during and after impact of Q-y5 model

图5 Q-y10模型撞击前、中、后期弹靶形貌

Fig.5 Morphology of projectile and target before, during and after impact of Q-y10 model

图6 Q-z10模型撞击前、中、后期弹靶形貌

Fig.6 Morphology of projectile and target before, during and after impact of Q-z10 model

表5 不同攻角撞靶条件下剩余弹体力学参量统计

Table 5 Results of the mechanical parameters of the residual projectile under different attack angles

序号	代号	剩余长度/mm	侵蚀长度/mm	剩余速度/ (m·s^-1)	是否断裂	挠度/ mm	攻角/ (°)
1	Z0	61.08	23.92	1939.7	否	0	0
2	G-y5	61.53	23.47	1937.1	否^*	6.68	2.5
3	G-y10	60.06	24.94	1921.5	是	21.57	10.5
4	G-z5	60.96	24.04	1931.2	否	0.18	1.5
5	G-z10	62.17	22.83	1896.6	是	8.01	9.5

图7 G-z10模型撞击前、中、后期弹靶形貌

Fig.7 Morphology of projectile and target before, during and after impact of G-z10 model

图8 G-y10模型撞击前、中、后期弹靶形貌

Fig.8 Morphology of projectile and target before, during and after impact of G-y10 model

表6 不同加筋情况下剩余弹体力学参数统计

Table 6 Results of the mechanical parameters of the residual projectile under different stiffener conditions

序号	代号	加筋情况	剩余长度/ mm	侵蚀长度/ mm	剩余速度/ (m·s^-1)
1	Z0	十字筋(一主、一副)	61.08	23.92	1939.7
2	ZK-d8.5	一条主筋	61.60	23.40	1942.7
3	SK-d8.5	十字主筋	57.93	27.07	1927.4
4	ZZ0	一条副筋	72.90	12.10	1971.0

表7 不同弹体直径与筋厚比值下剩余弹体力学参数

Table 7 Results of residual projectile under different ratios of projectile diameter to stiffener thickness

序号	代号	剩余长度/ mm	侵蚀长度/ mm	剩余速度/ (m·s^-1)
1	ZK-d2	49.34	35.66	1938.3
2	ZK-d4.5	57.77	27.23	1940.5
3	ZK-d8.5	61.60	23.40	1942.7
4	ZK-d12.5	63.20	21.80	1947.6
5	ZK-d16	63.67	21.33	1949.4
6	H-43.5	43.25	41.75	1852.4

图9 弹体侵蚀长度比主筋宽度和弹体直径比筋厚度间关系

Fig.9 Relationship between the ratio of projectile erosion length to stiffener width and the ratio of projectile diameter to stiffener thickness

图10 柱形弹撞击单层加筋钢板实验布置及加筋钢板破坏形貌

Fig.10 Experimental arrangement and failure morphology of single stiffened steel plate impacted by a cylindrical projectile

图11 弹体撞击加强筋产生破片群飞散形貌实验与仿真结果

Fig.11 Experimental and simulation results of the morphology of fragments scattering produced by the projectile impacting the stiffener

图12 超高速撞击加强筋产生破片对下一层钢板的破坏形貌

Fig.12 Failure morphology of the following layer of steel plate caused by fragments produced by hypervelocity impact on the stiffener

图13 实验及数值模拟获得的弹体撞击后主筋的破坏形貌

Fig.13 Failure morphology of the main stiffener after projectile impact obtained by experiment and numerical simulation

图14 5种柱形弹体与第1层加筋钢板相对位置关系示意图

Fig.14 Diagram of relative position relationship between five kinds of cylinderical projectiles and the first stiffened steel plate

表8 不同撞击条件下每层加筋钢板后弹体参数比较

Table 8 Comparison of the residual projectile parameters after each layer of stiffened steel plate under different impact conditions

撞击情况	第1层				第2层				第3层
撞击情况	L₁/mm	ΔL₁/mm	v₁/(m·s^-1)	挠度/mm	L₂/mm	ΔL₂/mm	v₂/(m·s^-1)	攻角/(°)	L₃/mm	ΔL₃/mm	v₃/(m·s^-1)	攻角/(°)
1	61.08	23.92	1939.7	0	36.24	24.84	1836	0	14.51	21.73	1589.4	0
2	61.6	23.4	1942.7	0	38.12	23.48	1844.1	1	16.15	21.97	1622.8	0
3	72.9	12.1	1971	0	61.73	11.17	1933.2	1	48.69	13.04	1886.4	0.5
4	61.41	23.59	1949.1	4.5	39.31	22.1	1876.6	19	23.61	15.7	1784.9	10
5	52.63^*	32.37	1947.4	22.9	16.16	36.47	1876.7	8	0	16.16	0	0

图15 撞击情况4中弹体撞击3层加筋钢板数值模拟结果

Fig.15 Numerical simulation results of hypervelocity impact of projectile on three-layer stiffened steel plate under Condition 4

图16 撞击情况5中弹体撞击3层加筋钢板数值模拟结果

Fig.16 Numerical simulation results of hypervelocity impact of projectile on three-layer stiffened steel plate under Condition 5

图17 第1发实验每层加筋钢板背面破坏形貌

Fig.17 Failure morphology of the back of each layer of stiffened steel plate of Experiment No. 1

图18 第2发实验每层加筋钢板背面破坏形貌

Fig.18 Failure morphology of the back of each layer of stiffened steel plate in Experiment No. 2

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