基于声比拟理论的具有外伸式回收装置水下航行器流噪声分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0392

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对水下航行器声导引回收方式中艇外搭载回收装置易受流噪声干扰、影响航行器声隐蔽性的问题,研究基于Lighthill声比拟理论,结合大涡模拟对艇外搭载式回收装置流噪声进行数值模拟,对比不同回收导向罩形状坞舱的声压级频谱及指向特性,分析航行器流域内不同位置的声压级变化情况。研究结果表明:外伸式回收装置是航行器辐射噪声的主要声源,相比无附体水下航行器最大声压级高约50dB,高声压级流噪声主要集中在中低频段;对于相同迎流截面积的回收坞舱,喇叭型导向罩相比于矩形型低约1.62dB;计算结果可为降低水下航行器回收过程中的流噪声,提高水下航行器回收效率及声隐蔽性,及相关设计提供理论基础。

关键词: 航行器水下回收, 流噪声, 声比拟理论, 大涡模拟, 流声耦合

Abstract:

The recovery device carried outside the vehicle is susceptible to the interference from flow noise and has an effect on the acoustic stealthiness of underwater vehicle during the acoustic guidance.Regarding the aforementioned problems,this paper numerically simulates the flow noise of underwater vehicle based on Lighthill acoustic analogy theory and large eddy simulation (LES),compares the sound pressure level spectra and directivities of different shaped docking stations,and analyzes the sound pressure levels at different locations in the basin.The results show that the outboard recovery device is the main source of the radiated noise,which is about 50 dB higher than the maximum sound pressure level of the non-attached underwater vehicle,and the high sound pressure level is mainly concentrated between the middle and low frequencoes.For the recovery dock with the same profile areas,the maximum sound pressure level of horn-shaped guide housing is 1.62dB lower than that of the rectangular guide housing.The results can provide theoretical reference for reducing the flow noise during the process of underwater vehicle recovery and improving the recovery efficiency and acoustic stealth of underwater vehicle.

Key words: underwater vehicle, flow noise, sound analogy theory, large eddy simulation, fluid acoustic coupling

杜晓旭, 李瀚宇, 刘鑫. 基于声比拟理论的具有外伸式回收装置水下航行器流噪声分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(4): 240392-.

DU Xiaoxu, LI Hanyu, LIU xin. Analysis of Flow Noise of Underwater Vehicle with Outboard Recovery Devices Based on Acoustic Analogy Theory[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240392-.

图/表 17

图1 水下航行器及不同形状回收坞舱

Fig.1 Underwater unmanned vehicle and recovery dock stations with different shapes

图2 声学监测点

Fig.2 Acoustic observation points

图3 航行器整体及局部网格绘制

Fig.3 Overall and local meshes of underwater unmanned vehicle

图4 仿真结果与实验结果对比

Fig.4 Comparison between simulated and experimental results

图5 声学网格的绘制

Fig.5 Acoustic mesh

图6 声学网格无关性验证

Fig.6 Verification of acoustic mesh independence

图7 不同回收坞舱的脉动压力云图

Fig.7 Contours of fluctuating pressures of different recovery dock stations

图8 不同类型回收坞舱的Q准则等值面

Fig.8 Iso-surfaces of Q-criterion of different recovery dock stations

图9 噪声传播示意图

Fig.9 Illustration of noise propagation

图10 Oxy平面不同频率声压级云图

Fig.10 Sound pressure level in different frequencies on Oxy plane

图11 Oyz平面不同频率声压级云图

Fig.11 Sound pressure level in different frequencies on Oyz plane

图12 Oxy平面声学指向性曲线

Fig.12 Sound directivity on Oxy plane

图13 Oyz平面声学指向性曲线

Fig.13 Sound directivity on Oyz plane

图14 无附体航行器间歇因子及剪切应力分布

Fig.14 Intermittency factor and shear stress distribution of non-attached underwater vehicle

图15 不同回收坞舱声压级频谱对比

Fig.15 Comparison of sound pressure level spectra of different recovery dock stations

表1 不同监测点总声压级对比

Table 1 Comparison of total sound pressure level at different observation points

回收坞舱形状	监测点1	监测点11	监测点31
无附体	119.08	118.30	118.05
喇叭型	173.12	145.61	122.21
矩形型	175.26	146.80	125.72
半圆型	174.81	145.67	124.64
圆锥型	175.02	146.23	123.84

图16 回收流域内不同位置总声压级

Fig.16 Total sound pressure level at different positions in recovery basin

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