快速运动平台电场探测干扰特征及分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0992

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为验证快速运动平台装备电场传感器探测舰船目标的可行性,通过分析快速运动平台背景电场的产生机理,搭建基于水面快艇的高速运动平台电场探测系统,并开展实艇海上测量试验,对快艇不同位置、快艇发动机不同工况及不同航行速度下的背景电场进行测量,并对测量结果进行分析。实测数据表明:快艇平台运动感应电场和快艇自身腐蚀及电磁辐射是背景电场的主要来源,背景电场在1Hz以下(准静态电场)频段能量较大,舰船静电场不适合作为探测信号源;航速在20节以下时,快艇探测平台在1~30Hz频段背景电场谱密度约为0.4μV/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$,舰船轴频电场可作为目标信号源。为验证快艇平台电场探测的可行性,在5~15kn不同航速下对100A·m的电场目标进行探测,探测距离达1500m,表明利用快速运动平台装备电场传感器对舰船电场进行探测是实际可行的。

关键词: 运动平台, 电场探测, 干扰电场, 轴频电场

Abstract:

To verify the feasibility of equipping electric field sensors on fast motion platforms to detect ship targets, this manuscript analyzes the mechanism of background electric field generation on fast motion platforms, builds a high-speed motion platform electric field detection system based on surface speedboats, and conducts real boat sea measurement experiments. The background electric field of speedboats at different positions, engine operating conditions, and sailing speeds is measured, and the measurement results are analyzed. By analyzing the experimental data at sea, it is found that the background electric field comes from: 1) the motion induced electric field of the speedboat platform, 2) the corrosion and electromagnetic radiation of the speedboat itself. The background electric field has high energy in the frequency band below 1Hz (static electric field), so the ship’s electrostatic field is not suitable as a detection signal source. When the speed is below 20 knots, the background electric field spectral density of the speedboat detection platform in the 1-30Hz frequency band is about 0.4μV/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, so the ship’s shaft frequency electric field can be used as the target signal source. To verify the feasibility of electric field detection on the speedboat platform, electric field targets of 100A·m were detected at different speeds of 5~15kn, with a detection distance of 1500m. Therefore, it is practical to use a fast motion platform equipped with electric field sensors to detect the ship’s electric field.

Key words: moving platform, electric field detection, interference electric field, shaft-rate electric field

中图分类号:

TJ610

张伽伟, 谢涛涛, 肖大为. 快速运动平台电场探测干扰特征及分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240992-.

ZHANG Jiawei, XIE Taotao, XIAO Dawei. Analysis of Interference Characteristics of Electric Field Detection on Moving Platform[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240992-.

图/表 12

图1 电场测量传感器示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of electric field measurement sensor

图2 快艇结构及传感器安装示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of boat and sensor installation

图3 快艇发动机关闭时的背景电场

Fig.3 Background electric filed when the boat engine is off

图4 快艇发动机开机时的背景电场

Fig.4 Background electric filed when the boat engine is on

图5 不同航速噪声幅度谱(DC-30Hz)

Fig.5 Amplitude spectrum of noise at different speeds(DC-30Hz)

图6 不同航速噪声幅度谱(1~30Hz)

Fig.6 Amplitude spectrum of noise at different speeds(1~30Hz)

图7 不同航速背景电场(船艏)

Fig.7 The electric field at different speeds (bow)

图8 不同航速背景电场(船艉)

Fig.8 The electric field at different speeds (stern)

表1 不同航速下的背景干扰电场峰峰值

Table 1 Peak to peak value of background interference electric field at different speeds

航速/kn	电场峰峰值/(μV·m^-1)
航速/kn	Ex₁	Ey₁	Ex₂	Ey₂
5	14.9	26.4	320.9	917.5
10	16.1	15.3	50.7	130.0
15	33.6	25.4	52.6	132.9
20	38.0	129.9	61.6	236.8
25	2634.7	641.2	85.8	152.2

图9 航速5kn探测效果

Fig.9 Detection effect at a speed of 5kn

图10 航速10kn探测效果

Fig.10 Detection effect at a speed of 10kn

图11 航速15kn探测效果

Fig.11 Detection effect at a speed of 15kn

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