典型DNAN基熔铸炸药燃速特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0565

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

约束装药点火后反应演化模型是安全弹药缓释结构设计的理论依据,而炸药燃速-压力关系是反应演化模型的重要组成部分。为了给2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(2,4-Dinitroanisole,DNAN)基熔铸炸药的安全弹药反应烈度控制设计提供基础,基于激光点火技术和快响应热电偶火焰阵面探测技术,建立密闭空腔线性燃烧燃速-压力特性实验测量系统,得到典型DNAN基熔铸炸药RB-2(DNAN/奥克托今/Al/黏结剂)的燃速-压力特性,研究温度对炸药燃速-压力关系的影响。研究结果表明:随着温度的升高,RB-2炸药燃速增大,压力指数增加,同时压力越高、温度对燃速的影响越显著;RB-2炸药在60MPa压力下会发生固体结构失效,导致燃速剧增,使炸药由线性传导燃烧机制向对流燃烧机制转变;与熔铸B炸药相比,RB-2炸药的燃速和压力指数较低,结构失效压力较高,意外点火后的反应增长慢,更容易通过反应缓释结构调控反应烈度。

关键词: DNAN基熔铸炸药, 燃烧速率, 初始温度, 比表面积

Abstract:

The reaction evolution model of constrained charge after ignition is the theoretical basis for the design of safe munition release mechanism,and the explosive burning rate-pressure relationship is an important part of the reaction evolution model. To provide a foundation for the design of safety munition reaction violence control for 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN)-based melt-cast explosives,an experimental measurement system for closed bomb burning rate-pressure characteristics is established based on the laser ignition technology and the fast-response thermocouple flame front detection technology. The burning rate-pressure relationship of a typical DNAN-based melt-cast explosive RB-2(DNAN/HMX/Al/binder) was obtained through experiment,and the effect of temperature on the burning rate-pressure characteristics of the explosive was investigated. The results show that the burning rate of RB-2 explosives increases and the pressure index increases with the increase in temperature. At the same time,the higher the pressure is,the more significant the effect of temperature on the burning rate is. When RB-2 explosive is subjected to a pressure of 60MPa,its solid structure will fail to result in a rapid increase in the burning rate and shift the combustion mechanism of explosive from the linear conduction combustion to the convective combustion. Compared to melt-cast B explosives,RB-2 explosives exhibit lower burning rates and pressure index,along with higher structural failure pressures of the explosives. The reaction growth after accidental ignition is slower,and the reaction violence is regulated more easily through the reaction release structure.

Key words: DNAN-based melt-cast explosive, burning rate, initial temperature, specific surface area

中图分类号:

TJ55
O389

李治, 段卓平, 白志玲, 许礼吉, 张连生, 黄风雷. 典型DNAN基熔铸炸药燃速特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240565-.

LI Zhi, DUAN Zhuoping, BAI Zhiling, XU Liji, ZHANG Liansheng, HUANG Fenglei. Burning Rate Characteristics of Typical DNAN-based Melt-cast Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240565-.

图/表 15

图1 密闭燃烧器示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the closed bomb

图2 实验药柱

Fig.2 Sample of experimental grain

图3 高温密闭空腔炸药燃烧速率-压力关系测试系统

Fig.3 Burning rate-pressure relationship test system for explosives in high-temperature closed bomb

表1 实验设计

Table 1 Experimental design

序号	壁面温度/℃	恒温时间/h	炸药温度/℃	激光加载时间/s
1	常温(25)	-	25	1
2	40	1	39	1
3	50	1	47	1
4	60	1	56	1
5	80	1	70	1

图4 25℃下RB-2炸药燃烧波阵面位置和压力

Fig. 4 Flame-front time-of-arrival signals and pressure of RB-2 at 25℃

表2 25℃下RB-2炸药平均燃速和平均压力数据

Table 2 Average burning rate and pressure data of RB-2 at 25℃

i	l_i/mm	Δt_i/s	r_i/(mm·s^-1)	p_i/MPa
1	8.25	0.463	17.819	22.293
2	8.14	0.212	38.396	29.585
3	8.45	0.187	45.187	37.700
4	8.32	0.091	91.429	53.996
5	8.15	0.026	313.462	63.930

图5 25℃下炸药燃速压力曲线

Fig. 5Burn ing rate-pressure curve of explosives at 25℃

图6 典型高温(47℃)下RB-2燃烧波阵面位置-时间曲线

Fig. 6 Flame-front time-of-arrival signals of RB-2 at 47℃

表3 不同温度RB-2炸药燃烧时间和压力特征数据

Table 3 RB-2 burning time and pressure characteristic data

初始温度/℃	点火药压力/MPa	总药柱燃烧时间/s	最大峰值压力/MPa	总药柱平均燃速/(mm·s^-1)
25	26.1	0.93	68.5	44.42
39	17.1	2.22	76.3	18.25
47	23.6	0.89	87.8	45.94
56	21.1	0.74	82.7	56.54
70	26.5	0.13	105.6	316.77

图7 不同初始温度的燃速-压力曲线

Fig.7 Burning rate-pressure curves of explosives at different initial temperatures

表4 不同初始温度下RB-2燃速特性参数

Table 4 The burning rate characteristics of RB-2 at the different initial temperature

温度/℃	a/(mm·s^-1·MP $a - n$ )	n
25	0.215	1.485
39	0.067	1.841
47	0.054	1.934
56	0.030	2.143

表4 不同初始温度下RB-2燃速特性参数

Table 4 The burning rate characteristics of RB-2 at the different initial temperature

温度/℃	a/(mm·s^-1·MP $a - n$ )	n
25	0.215	1.485
39	0.067	1.841
47	0.054	1.934
56	0.030	2.143

图8 25℃下RB-2炸药燃烧比表面积和压力变化曲线

Fig.8 Burning specific surface area and pressure evolution curves of RB-2 at 25℃

图9 典型熔铸炸药的燃速特性曲线

Fig.9 Burning rate characteristic transition curves for typical melt-cast explosives

图10 初始温度和压力对RB-2燃速的影响

Fig.10 Effects of initial temperature and pressure on RB-2 burning rate

图11 初始温度对不同恒定压力下的RB-2燃速影响

Fig.11 Effect of initial temperature on the burning rate of RB-2 at different constant pressures

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