活性PELE侵彻钢筋混凝土靶扩孔增强行为

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

活性横向效应增强弹(Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effect,PELE)在侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的过程中会发生剧烈的爆燃反应,较惰性芯体PELE对靶板的扩孔效应更加显著。为揭示活性PELE侵彻钢筋混凝土靶扩孔增强机理,建立活性PELE侵彻钢筋混凝土靶扩孔分析模型,模型充分考虑径向稀疏波和活性材料的冲击爆燃反应。开展5种撞击速度下的活性PELE侵彻钢筋混凝土靶实验,综合实验和理论对活性PELE芯体反应特性、壳体变形角度-长度演化及扩孔增强行为进行讨论。研究结果表明:新的分析模型能够有效预测活性PELE壳体变形和钢筋混凝土靶扩孔,平均误差分别为6.9%和8.5%;活性PELE壳体表现出双弯曲变形和卷曲变形两种典型变形模式,给出壳体变形角度-长度演化过程;当撞击压力大于2.32GPa时,忽略径向稀疏波会高估活性PELE芯体反应程度和壳体径向变形,验证了考虑径向稀疏波的必要性;量化比较后发现活性材料的爆燃反应使钢筋混凝土靶的最大开孔提高了24.3%。

关键词: 活性横向效应增强弹, 钢筋混凝土靶, 径向稀疏, 壳体变形, 爆燃扩孔

Abstract:

The reactive penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE) exhibits a violent deflagration reaction when penetrating the reinforced concrete target,and the opening effect of it penetrating into the reinforced concrete target is more obvious than that of the inert filling PELE.To reveal the enhanced opening mechanism of reactive PELE,an enhanced opening model of reactive PELE penetrating into the reinforced concrete target is presented,which fully considers the radial rarefaction and the deflagration reaction of filling.The experiments of reactive PELE penetrating into the reinforced concrete targets at five impact velocities are carried out.The reaction characteristics of filling,the deformation angle-length evolution of shell,and the enhanced opening behavior are discussed based on the experimental and theoretical results.The results show that the proposed model can effectively predict the shell deformation and the target opening diameter,which the average errors are 6.9% and 8.5%,respectively.The reactive PELE shell exhibits double bending deformation and curling deformation modes,and the deformation angle-length evolution of shell is given.When the impact pressure exceeds than 2.32GPa,the neglect of the radial rarefaction wave may overestimate the reaction level of reactive PELE filling and the radial deformation of shell.The deflagration reaction of the reactive PELE filling increases the maximum opening diameter by 24.3%.

Key words: reactive penetrator with enhanced lateral effect, reinforced concrete target, radial rarefaction, shell deformation, deflagration opening

中图分类号:

TJ410.3

张甲浩, 王海福, 葛超, 周晟, 余庆波. 活性PELE侵彻钢筋混凝土靶扩孔增强行为[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240307-.

ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Haifu, GE Chao, ZHOU Sheng, YU Qingbo. Enhanced Opening Behavior of Reactive PELE Penetrating into Reinforced Concrete Target[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240307-.

图/表 25

图1 不同载荷下PELE壳体冲击响应

Fig.1 Impact response of PELE shell under different loads

图2 碰撞后的波相互作用

Fig.2 Wave interaction after collision

图3 稀疏波产生机制

Fig.3 Generation mechanism of radial rarefaction wave

图4 侵彻扩孔及剪切冲塞过程

Fig.4 Penetration opening and shear plugging physical process

图5 求解流程

Fig.5 Solving procedure

图6 活性芯体制备

Fig.6 Preparation of reactive PELE filling

图7 活性PELE弹体结构

Fig.7 Structure of reactive PELE

表1 活性PELE弹体尺寸

Table 1 Structural parameters of reactive PELE

壳体长度 L_j/mm	壳体厚度 d₀/mm	壳体外径 R₀/mm	壳体内径 R₁/mm	芯体长度 L_f/mm	刻槽长度 L_g/mm
282.5	12.5	52.5	40	270	190

图8 钢筋混凝土靶板

Fig.8 Concrete target

图9 实验原理

Fig.9 Experimental principle

图10 典型高速摄影图片

Fig.10 Typical high-speed photographies

图11 毁伤模式及不同撞击速度下的靶板毁伤情况

Fig.11 Damage mode and target damage under different velocities

表2 靶板毁伤参数

Table 2 Target damage parameters

速度/ (m·s^-1)	开孔直径/mm	前坑直径 /mm	后坑直径 /mm
592s	456.3	768.4	925.2
702s	502.6	781.6	1016.2
795s	540.8	845.1	1126.9
910s	512.6	866.7	1201.5
1012s	468.1	888.5	1256.1

图12 不同速度下的最大火光

Fig.12 Maximum firelight at different velocities

图13 L1,L2,L3和L4随撞击速度的变化规律

Fig.13 Relationships between velocity and L1,L2,L3 and L4

图14 活性PELE壳体典型变形模式

Fig.14 Deformation mode of reactive PELE shell

图15 795m/s条件下的活性PELE壳体变形

Fig.15 Deformation of reactive PELE shell at 795m/s

图16 壳体关键变形参数

Fig.16 Key deformation parameter of shell

图17 壳体变形角度演化

Fig.17 Evolution of shell deformation angle

图18 壳体变形长度演化

Fig.18 Evolution of shell deformation length

表3 壳体弯曲角度

Table 3 Shell deformation angle

速度/ (m·s^-1)	α		平均误差/%	β₁		平均误差/%	β₂		平均误差
速度/ (m·s^-1)	实验结果	模型计算结果	平均误差/%	实验结果	模型计算结果	平均误差/%	实验结果	模型计算结果	平均误差
592	22.1	24.1	5.8	44.2	42.5	6.8	0	0
702	38.3	35.6		34.5	37.6		0	0
795	44.8	45.2		36.8	38.6		90	90
910	46.1	49.5		23.6	24.5		90	90
1 012	60.2	57.2		20.5	18.5		90	90

表4 壳体弯曲长度

Table 4 Shell deformation length

速度/ (m·s^-1)	l_JE		平均误差/%	l_JB1		平均误差/%	l_JB2		平均误差/%
速度/ (m·s^-1)	实验结果	模型计算结果	平均误差/%	实验结果	模型计算结果	平均误差/%	实验结果	模型计算结果	平均误差/%
592	62.3	59	7.5	72.5	82	8.1	0	0	6.2
702	86.5	93		68.8	63		0	0
795	94.2	98		36.2	34		59.9	62
910	80.4	90		42.5	46		84.2	76
1 012	95.2	86.8		34.4	36		116.5	110

图19 PELE壳体作用靶板后的最大直径

Fig.19 Maximum radial diameter of PELE shell after impacting the target

图20 壳体的最大径向位置及靶板开孔尺寸变化

Fig.20 Radial deformation of shell and opening diameter of target

图21 模型有效性拓展验证

Fig.21 Extended validation of model validity

参考文献 34

[1]	XU L Z, REN W K, WANG X D, et al. Analytical investigation on deformation of PELE projectile and opening damage to concrete target[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2021, 161:107408.
[2]	刘宇珩, 霸书红, 杜忠华, 等. 着靶角度对PELE侵彻钢筋混凝土扩孔效应的影响研究[J]. 弹道学报, 2022, 34(4):15-22. doi: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2022)04-003
	LIU Y H, BA S H, DU Z H, et al. Research on the influence of target angle on the reaming effect of PELE penetrating reinforced concrete[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2022, 34(4):15-22. (in Chinese)
[3]	LEI M A, WANG H F, YU Q B, et al. Fragmentation behavior of large-caliber PELE impacting RHA plate at low velocity[J]. Defence Technology, 2019, 15(6):912-922. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2019.04.004
[4]	CHENG C, DU Z H, CHEN X, et al. Damage of multi-layer spaced metallic target plates impacted by radial layered PELE[J]. Defence Technology, 2020, 16(1):201-207. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2019.05.002
[5]	LIU Y H, XU L Z, ZHENG H L, et al. Experimental study on the effect of fracture strain on the fragmentation effect of PELE[J]. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 2023, 20(7):e496.
[6]	何俊, 徐立志, 程春, 等. 弹丸转速对PELE侵彻钢筋混凝土靶横向效应的影响[J] 火炸药学报, 2017, 40(4):81-85. doi: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.2017.04.015
	HE J, XU L Z, CHENG C, et al. Effect of projectile rotation rate on lateral effect of PELE penetrating reinforced concrete target[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2017, 40(4):81-85. (in Chinese)
[7]	PAULUS G, SCHIRM V. Impact behaviour of PELE projectiles perforating thin target plates[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006, 33(1-12):566-579.
[8]	VERREAULT J. Analytical and numerical description of the PELE fragmentation upon impact with thin target plates[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 76:196-206.
[9]	朱建生, 赵国志, 杜忠华, 等. PELE 垂直侵彻薄靶的机理分析[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2009, 29(3):281-288.
	ZHU J S, ZHAO G Z, DU Z H, et al. Mechanism of PELE projectiles perpendicularly impacting on thin target plates[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2009, 29(3):281-288. (in Chinese)
[10]	FAN Z J, RAN X W, TANG W H, et al. The model to calculate the radial velocities of fragments after PELE penetrator perforating a thin plate[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2016, 95:12-16.
[11]	YE X J, DU Z H, HU C H, et al. Simulation studies on the influence of impact velocity on the PELE penetrated and broken reinforced concrete[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 690:3108-3111.
[12]	XU L Z, WANG J B, WANG X D, et al. Opening behavior of PELE perforation on reinforced concrete target[J]. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(3):898-911. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.05.019
[13]	XU L Z, DU C X, CHENG C, et al. Effect of projectile parameters on opening behavior of PELE penetrating RC target[J]. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(3):859-873. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.04.012
[14]	GENG H H, LIU R, REN Y P, et al. Dynamic compression-shear ignition mechanism of Al/PTFE reactive materials[J]. Composite Structures, 2024, 331:117908.
[15]	葛超, 曲卓君, 王晋, 等. 氟聚物基活性材料动态压剪实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(8):1816-1822.
	GE C, QU Z J, WANG J, et al. Dynamic compression-shear study of fluoropolymer-matrix reactive materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(8):1816-1822. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0482
[16]	胡榕, 姜春兰, 毛亮, 等. Al粒径对富铝聚四氟乙烯基铝活性材料冲击反应性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(1):48-56.
	HU R, JIANG C L, MAO L, et al. Effect of Al particle size on the shock-induced reaction characteristics of Al-rich PTFE/Al composites[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(1):48-56. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2022.01.006
[17]	YU Q B, ZHANG J H, ZHAO H W, et al. Behind-plate overpressure effect of steel-encased reactive material projectile impacting thin aluminum plate[J]. Defence Technology, 2022, 18(5):723-734. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.03.022
[18]	TANG L, WANG H F, LU G C, et al. Mesoscale study on the shock response and initiation behavior of Al-PTFE granular composites[J]. Materials & Design, 2021, 200:109446.
[19]	ZHOU J Y, RAN X W, TANG W H, et al. Research on the penetration characteristics of PELE projectile with reactive inner core[J]. Polymers, 2023, 15(3):617.
[20]	LIU S B, ZHENG Y F, YU Q B, et al. Interval rupturing damage to multi-spaced aluminum plates impacted by reactive materials filled projectile[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2019, 130:153-162.
[21]	DING L L, ZHOU J Y, TANG W H, et al. Research on the crushing process of PELE casing material based on the crack-softening algorithm and stochastic failure algorithm[J]. Materials, 2018, 11(9):1561.
[22]	ZHANG J H, WANG H F, ZHENG Y F, et al. Lateral enhancement effect of reactive PELE:two-step segmented simulation and analytical modeling[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 192:111204.
[23]	XU F Y, ZHENG Y F, YU Q B, et al. Damage effects of aluminum plate by reactive material projectile impact[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2017, 104:38-44.
[24]	邸德宁, 陈小伟, 文肯, 等. 超高速碰撞产生的碎片云研究进展[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(10):2016-2047. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.10.018
	DI D N, CHEN X W, WEN K, et al. A review on the study of debris cloud produced by normal hypervelocity impact upon a thin plate[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(10):2016-2047. (in Chinese)
[25]	谢剑文, 李沛豫, 王海福, 等. 活性破片撞击油箱毁伤行为与机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(7):1565-1577. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0384
	XIE J W, LI P Y, WANG H F, et al. Damage behaviors and mechanisms of reactive fragments impacting fuel tanks[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(7):1565-1577. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0384
[26]	XU F Y, YU Q B, ZHENG Y F, et al. Damage effects of double-spaced aluminum plates by reactive material projectile impact[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2017, 104:13-20.
[27]	WEN K, CHEN X W, LU Y G. Research and development on hypervelocity impact protection using Whipple shield:an overview[J]. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(6):1864-1886.
[28]	MOCK JR W, DROTAR J T. Effect of aluminum particle size on the impact initiation of pressed PTFE/Al composite rods[C]// Proceedings of AIP Conference. HI,US:American Institute of Physics 2007, 955(1):971-974.
[29]	LIU S, HUANG X P, KONG X Z, et al. Constitutive modelling of concrete material subjected to low-velocity projectile impact:insights into damage mechanism and target resistance[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A, 2024, 25(2):161-182.
[30]	DENG Y J, SONG W J, CHEN X W. Spherical cavity-expansion model for penetration of reinforced-concrete targets[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2019, 35:535-551.
[31]	于忠辉. PELE对城区作战目标毁伤机理的研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2013.
	YU Z H. Study on the damage mechanism of PELE to urban targets[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 2013. (in Chinese)
[32]	LI P C, ZHANG X F, LIU C, et al. Trajectory characteristics of oblique penetration of projectile into concrete targets considering cratering effect[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2024, 185:104864.
[33]	贾乾, 陈放, 李慧慧, 等. PELE弹侵彻钢筋混凝土扩孔尺寸研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2023, 44(11):67-73.
	JIA Q, CHEN F, LI H H, et al. Study on the reaming size of PELE penetration reinforced concrete[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2023, 44(11):67-73. (in Chinese)
[34]	王海福, 余庆波, 葛超. 活性毁伤增强侵彻战斗部技术[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2020:244-248.
	WANG H F, YU Q B, GE C. Physics of reactive filling enhanced penetrating warheads[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2020:244-248. (in Chinese)