车载炮驾驶室表面炮口冲击波超压特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0687

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火炮射击时作用在驾驶室表面的冲击波超压是研究车载炮驾驶室炮口冲击波防护性能的载荷边界条件。为探索车载炮驾驶室表面的炮口冲击波超压特性,以某型装备为对象设计系统的射击试验方案开展研究。试验兼顾车载炮的主、辅助射界,获取7种射角工况下驾驶室上不同位置的冲击波超压数据,得到炮口与驾驶室不同空间位置下驾驶室表面冲击波超压的衰减规律。采用非定常无黏三维欧拉方程建立炮口冲击波流场计算模型,对极限工况下驾驶室表面的冲击波超压进行仿真模拟,数值仿真与试验结果的冲击波超压变化趋势一致,炮口气流速度吻合时最大超压峰值误差小于4%。研究结果表明:炮口冲击波在地面、驾驶室结构影响下,在车载炮驾驶室表面形成了具有显著峰值的二次超压分布;炮口制退器制退孔朝向、驾驶室上凸起结构等使得驾驶室表面的冲击波超压更加恶劣。

关键词: 车载炮, 炮口冲击波, 驾驶室表面, 超压特性

Abstract:

The shock wave overpressure acting on the surface of crew compartment during artillery firing is a key boundary condition for studying the protective performance of vehicle-mounted howitzer’s crew compartment against muzzle shock wave. To explore the characteristics of muzzle shock wave overpressure on the surface of crew compartment, a systematic firing experiment plan is designed for a specific equipment. The experiments cover both the main and auxiliary firing sectors of vehicle-mounted howitzer, capturing the overpressure data of the shockwaves at different positions on the crew compartment under seven firing angle conditions. The attenuation patterns of shock wave overpressure on the crew compartment surface at various spatial locations relative to the muzzle and crew compartment were obtained through experiment. A computational model of muzzle blast flow field is established using the unsteady three-dimensional inviscid Euler equations. Simulation and numerical analysis are performed to evaluate the shock wave overpressure on the crew compartment surface under extreme conditions.The simulated results show good agreement with the experimental data in terms of the change trend of shock wave overpressure, with a peak overpressure error of less than 4% when the muzzle airflow velocity is properly considered. The research results indicate that the muzzle shock wave influenced by the ground and the structure of crew compartment, forms a secondary overpressure distribution with obvious peaks on the surface of vehicle-mounted howitzer’s crew compartment. Factors such as the orientation of muzzle brake vents and the raised structures on the crew compartment contribute to a more severe muzzle shock wave overpressure on the surface of crew compartment.

Key words: truck-mounted howitzer, muzzle shock wave, surface of crew compartment, overpressure characteristic

中图分类号:

TJ301

魏胜程, 钱林方, 徐亚栋, 尹强. 车载炮驾驶室表面炮口冲击波超压特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(11): 3792-3805.

WEI Shengcheng, QIAN Linfang, XU Yadong, YIN Qiang. Characteristics of Muzzle Shock Wave Overpressure on the Surface of Vehicle-mounted Howitzer’s Crew Compartment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(11): 3792-3805.

图/表 19

图1 车载炮主射界与辅助射界

Fig.1 Main and auxiliary firing sectors of truck-mounted howitzer

图2 冲击波传感器固定位置

Fig.2 Fixed positions of shock wave sensors

表1 极限工况下各测点处最大超压峰值

Table 1 Peak overpressure at each measuring point under extreme conditions

发次序号、均值、极差与相对极差	0°/-25°射角下测点超压峰值/kPa				0°/-25° 射角下弹丸初速/(m·s^-1)	14°/0°射角下测点超压峰值/kPa				14°/0° 射角下弹丸初速/(m·s^-1)
发次序号、均值、极差与相对极差	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	0°/-25° 射角下弹丸初速/(m·s^-1)	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	14°/0° 射角下弹丸初速/(m·s^-1)
1	129	327	126	-	951.4	192		205	167	939.0
2	132	306	132	105	952.3	204		214	164	943.6
3	123	283	132	108	950.8	196		196	182	942.3
4	121	296	130	-	950.0	185		202	178	941.6
5	122	285	130	110	951.6	-		200	-	945.2
6	125	327	137	-	950.8	201		206	-	944.4
7	129	307	125	-	948.0	-		211	-	944.5
均值	125.8	304.4	130.3	107.7	950.7	195.6		204.9	172.7	942.9
极差	11	44	12	5	4.3	19		18	18	6.2
相对极差	8.7%	14.4%	9.2%	4.6%	0.45%	9.7%		8.7%	10.4%	0.65%

图3 炮口冲击波超压-时间曲线

Fig.3 Muzzle shock wave overpressure-time curve

表2 不同射角下各测点最大超压峰值均值

Table 2 Average peak overpressure at each measuring point at different firing angles

序号	高低角/ 方向角/ (°)	测点1			测点2			测点3			测点4
序号	高低角/ 方向角/ (°)	距炮口/ m	最大超压峰值均值/ kPa	最大峰值时刻均值/ ms	距炮口/ m	最大超压峰值均值/ kPa	最大峰值时刻均值/ ms	距炮口/ m	最大超压峰值均值/ kPa	最大峰值时刻均值/ ms	距炮口/ m	最大超压峰值均值/ kPa	最大峰值时刻均值/ ms
1	14/0	2.17	195.6	3.77				2.40	204.9	4.12	2.36	172.7	3.95
2	30/0	4.09	77.7	8.92				3.86	62.1	7.7
3	51/0				6.74	43.6	15.72				5.56	74.2	12.77
4	65/0				8.20	35.5	20.33				6.99	56	16.83
5	65/-23.4	8.23	40.05	20.37				7.6	26.7	19.16
6	14/-25	3.01	108.8	4.89				2.13	210.6	3.48
7	0/-25	2.46	125.8	3.5	1.88	304.4	2.79	2.01	130.3	2.87	2.61	107.7	4.28

图4 驾驶室上炮口冲击波超压衰减趋势

Fig.4 Attenuation trend of muzzle shock wave overpressure on the surface of crew compartment

图5 计算域设置

Fig.5 Computational domain setup

表3 试验与仿真结果最大超压峰值对比

Table 3 Comparison of experimental and simulated maximum peak overpressures

测点	0°/ -25°射角工况			14°/0°射角工况
	最大超压峰值/kPa		最大超压峰值误差/%	最大超压峰值/kPa		最大超压峰值误差/%
	试验值	仿真值	最大超压峰值误差/%	试验值	仿真值	最大超压峰值误差/%
1	132.41	134.22	1.37	203.73	226.08	10.97
2	305.83	294.91	3.57
3	132.40	132.18	0.17	213.85	220.32	3.03
4	105.47	107.91	2.31	164.47	184.99	12.48

图6 0°/-25°射角下试验与数值结果超压-时间曲线对比

Fig.6 Comparison of experimental and numerical overpressure-time curves at 0°/-25° firing angle

图7 14°/0°射角下试验与数值结果超压-时间曲线对比

Fig.7 Comparison of experimental and numerical overpressure-time curves at 14°/0° firing angle

图8 各测点炮口冲击波首个超压峰值云图

Fig.8 Nephogram of the first peak overpressure of muzzle shock wave at measuring points

图9 0°/-25°射角下各测点炮口冲击波第2个超压峰值云图

Fig.9 Nephogram of the second peak overpressure of muzzle shock wave at measuring points at 0°/-25° firing angle

图10 圆杆结构超压多峰特征

Fig.10 Multi-peak overpressure characteristics of circular rod structure

图11 0°/-25°射角下产生地面反射波

Fig.11 Ground reflected waves generated at 0°/-25°firing angle

图12 14°/0°射角下前围斜面上方形成冲击波局部高压

Fig.12 Formation of local high pressure shock wave above front armor slope at 14°/0° firing angle

图13 0°/-25°射角下驾驶室外部超压分布

Fig.13 Overpressure distribution on the exterior surface of crew compartment at 0°/-25° firing angle

图14 14°/0°射角下驾驶室外部超压分布

Fig.14 Overpressure distribution on the exterior surface of crew compartment at 14°/0° firing angle

图15 不同制退孔朝向时炮口冲击波超压云图

Fig.15 Overpressure nephogram for different orientations of brake hole

图16 驾驶室外表面各时刻冲击波超压极值

Fig.16 Extreme values of shock wave overpressure on the exterior surface of crew compartment at different time intervals

参考文献 23

[1]	钱林方, 徐亚栋, 陈龙淼. 车载炮设计理论和方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2022.
	QIAN L F, XU Y D, CHEN L M. Design theory and methods of vehicle-mounted howitzer[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2022. (in Chinese)
[2]	廖振强. 自动武器气体动力学[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2014.
	LIAO Z Q. Gas dynamics of automatic weapons[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014. (in Chinese)
[3]	LEI H X, ZHAO J L, WANG Z J. Numerical simulation and experiments on muzzle blast overpressure in large caliber weapons[J]. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 2016, 9(5):111-116.
[4]	LI P F, ZHANG X B. Numerical research on adverse effect of muzzle flow formed by muzzle brake considering secondary combustion[J]. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(4):1178-1189. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.06.019
[5]	缪伟, 尹强, 钱林方. 火炮后效期火药气体流空过程的近似计算方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(7): 1381-1391.
	MIAO W, YIN Q, QIAN L F. An approximate calculation method for ejection of propellant gas during after-effect period of artillery[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(7):1381-1391. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.07.005
[6]	王丹宇, 南风强, 廖昕, 等. 考虑化学反应的大口径火炮炮口流场特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8):1624-1630.
	WANG D Y, NAN F Q, LIAO X, et al. Characteristics of muzzle flow of large caliber gun considering chemical reaction[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(8):1624-1630. (in Chinese)
[7]	ZHOU M D, QIAN L F, CAO C Y, et al. Research on simulation of gun muzzle flow field empowered by artificial intelligence[J]. Defence Technology, 2024, 32(2):196-208.
[8]	ZHUO C F, FENG F, WU X S, et al. Numerical simulation of the muzzle flows with base bleed projectile based on dynamic overlapped grids[J]. Computers & Fluids, 2014, 105:307-320.
[9]	张焕好, 陈志华, 姜孝海, 等. 膛口装置三维流场的数值模拟及制退效率计算[J]. 兵工学报, 2011, 32(5):513-519.
	ZHANG H H, CHEN Z H, JIANG X H, et al. Numerical simulation of the 3D flow fields of a muzzle brake and its efficiency calculation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(5): 513-519. (in Chinese)
[10]	郭则庆, 王杨, 姜孝海, 等. 膛口初始流场对火药燃气流场影响的数值研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2012, 33(6):663-668.
	GUO Z Q, WANG Y, JIANG X H, et al. Numerical study on effects of precursor flow on muzzle propellant flow field[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2012. 33(6):663-668. (in Chinese)
[11]	余海伟, 袁军堂, 汪振华, 等. 新型结构炮口制退器的膛口冲击波数值研究与性能分析[J]. 高压物理学报, 2020, 34(6):101-111.
	YU H W, YUAN J T, WANG Z H, et al. Muzzle blast wave investigation and performance analysis of new-structure muzzle brake based on numerical simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2020, 34(6):101-111. (in Chinese)
[12]	孙全兆, 范社卫, 王殿荣, 等. 某突击炮炮口流场数值模拟研究[J]. 弹道学报, 2019, 31(4):63-67. doi: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2019)04-011
	SUN Q Z, FAN S W, WANG D R, et al. Numerical study of muzzle flow field of assault gun[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2019, 31(4): 63-67. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2019)04-011
[13]	CHEN Q K, LI P F, ZHOU Q, et al. Research on the measurement of muzzle shock wave pressure field for a naval gun[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 791(1):012096.
[14]	MOUMEN A, STIRBU B, GROSSEN J, et al. Particle image velocimetry for velocity measurement of muzzle flow: Detailed experimental study[J]. Powder Technology, 2022, 405: 117509.
[15]	赖富文, 孔凡胜, 高赫, 等. 基于LXL总线的炮口冲击波分布式测试系统设计[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2021, 42(9):183-188.
	LAI F W, KONG F S, GAO H, et al. Design of distributed system for measuring muzzle blast wave based on LXI bus[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2021, 42(9):183-188. (in Chinese)
[16]	陈龙淼, 钱林方, 江坤. 某车载榴弹炮车身在炮口冲击波作用下动态响应分析[J]. 弹道学报, 2006, 18(1):59-62.
	CHEN L M, QIAN L F, JIANG K. Tiansient impact response analysis for cab of truck mounted howitzer under gun muzzle blast waves[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2006, 18(1):59-62. (in Chinese)
[17]	王宗千. 某型车载炮炮口冲击波作用下的车辆驾驶室疲劳分析与优化[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2017.
	WANG Z Q. Fatigue analysis and optimization of vehicle cab under the shock wave of vehicle gun muzzle blast[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)
[18]	秦天柱. 基于炮口冲击波防护的车身结构响应分析及优化设计研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2016.
	QIN T Z. Research on response analysis and optimization design of vehicle body structure based on gun muzzle blast waves protection[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)
[19]	陈晓雅, 鲁超, 孙万来, 等. 某载炮车防冲击波驾驶室结构设计研究[J]. 爆破, 2018, 35(3):172-178.
	CHEN X Y, LU C, SUN W L, et al. Research on anti-shock wave cab structure design of a cannon[J]. Blasting, 2018, 35(3):172-178. (in Chinese)
[20]	游首先, 张政涛. 兵器工业科学技术词典-火炮与火箭发射装置[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1991.
	YOU S X, ZHANG Z T. Dictionary of science and technology in weapon industy-artillery and rocket launchers[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1991. (in Chinese)
[21]	张小兵. 枪炮内弹道学[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2014.
	ZHANG X B. Interior ballistics of guns[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2014. (in Chinese)
[22]	李鸿志, 姜孝海, 王杨, 等. 中间弹道学[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2014.
	LI H Z, JIANG X H, WANG Y, et al. Intermediate ballistics[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2014. (in Chinese)
[23]	ZHOU C F, YAO W J, WU X S, et al. Research on the muzzle blast flow with gas-particle mixtures based on Eulerian-Eulerian approach[J]. Journal of Mechanics, 2015, 32(2):185-195.