水下声波异常透射水-空气界面特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0891

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究水下声波关于水-空气界面的异常透射特性,开展了非均匀波作用下水下声波异常声透射理论与实验研究。分别针对实验室理想环境和千岛湖开阔水域真实应用环境搭建水下声波透射实验系统,获取非均匀波作用下水下声波透射水-空气界面的变化规律和影响因素,深入分析了非均匀波作用机理。研究结果表明:当声源深度和水下声波波数乘积小于1时,非均匀波的作用不可忽略,透射系数较大;非均匀波与均匀波能量占比接近时,透射系数随声波频率增大出现波动减小,随声源深度增加平滑减小;水下声波透射入空气时的辐射角范围受非均匀波作用影响较大,随着非均匀波作用的增强,辐射角度范围逐渐增大;研究结果为水下声波异常透射技术在实际环境中的应用奠定基础,对声信号跨介质传递研究提供数据支撑。

关键词: 水下声波, 异常声透射, 声源深度

Abstract:

To explore the abnormal transmission characteristics of underwater acoustic wave through the water-air interface, theoretical and experimental studies on abnormal acoustic transmission under the effect of inhomogeneous waves are carried out. An underwater acoustic wave transmission experiment system is constructed in both the laboratory and the open water environment of Qiandao Lake.The law of the transmission coefficient with the depth of the sound source and the frequency of the sound wave are obtained.The mechanism and influencing factors of the inhomogeneous waves are thoroughlyanalyzed.The results demonstrate that when the product of source depth and underwater sound wave number is less than 1, the effect of inhomogeneous waves cannot be ignored, and the transmission coefficient increases abnormally.When the energy ratio of the homogeneous waves and inhomogeneous waves is close, the transmission coefficient decreases undulatingly with the increase of the wave frequency, and decreases smoothly with the increase of the source depth.The range of radiation angles of underwater acoustic waves transmitted into the air is greatly affected by the inhomogeneous waves.With a stronger inhomogeneous wave effect, the radiation angle range gradually expands. The research results lay afoundation for applyingabnormal transmission of underwater acoustic waves in the real world,and provide data support for the transmission of acoustic signals across media.

Key words: underwater sound wave, abnormal sound transmission, source depth

强伟, 李宁, 黄孝龙, 康杨, 李灿, 翁春生. 水下声波异常透射水-空气界面特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 1148-1157.

QIANG Wei, LI Ning, HUANG Xiaolong, KANG Yang, LI Can, WENG Chunsheng. Research on Characteristics of Abnormal Underwater Acoustic Wave Transmission through Water-Air Interface[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1148-1157.

图/表 10

图1 水-空气界面处声波传播示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of acoustic wave propagation at the water-air interface

图2 p S H 1 M、 p S H 2 M与Ap随kz的变化情况

Fig.2 Variation of p S H 1 M, p S H 2 M and Ap with kz

图3 声波透射实验系统装置和布局示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of equipment and layout of acoustic wave transmission experiment system

图4 不同频率下信号随时间的变化情况

Fig.4 Pressure-time characteristics of signals at different frequencies

图5 声压信号的时频分析

Fig.5 Time-frequency analysis of sound pressure signals

图6 非均匀波信号能量占总能量的比值

Fig.6 Ratio of inhomogeneous wave energy to total energy

图7 湖试实验系统布局

Fig.7 Layout of the lake experiment system

图8 不同频率下声源深度对声波透射系数Ap的影响(z为0.3~9.0m)

Fig.8 Effects of source depth on sound wave transmission coefficient Ap at different frequencies (z=0.3-9m)

图9 不同深度下声波频率对透射系数Ap的影响

Fig.9 Effects of sound wave frequency on the transmission coefficient Ap at different source depths

图10 不同声源深度下透射系数在辐射角度上的变化规律

Fig.10 Variation law of transmission coefficients from different angles with typical source depths

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